vi TIIE ARYAN QUESTION. 327 



complexion the Frisians fulfilled expectation; but 

 their skulls differed in some respects from those 

 of the neighbouring blond long-heads. The de- 

 pression, or flattening (accompanied by a slight 

 increase in breadth), which occurs occasionally 

 among the latter, is regular and characteristic 

 among the Frisians; and, in other respects, the 

 Frisian skull unmistakably approaches the Nean- 

 derthal and Spy type.* The fact that this re- 

 semblance exists is of none the less importance 

 because the proper interpretation of it is not yet 

 clear. It may be taken to be a pretty sure indi- 

 cation of the physiological continuity of the blond 

 long-heads with the pleistocene INeanderthaloid 

 men. But this continuity may have been brought 

 about in two ways. The blond long-heads may 

 exhibit one of the lines of evolution of the men 

 of the Neanderthaloid type. Or, the Frisians may 

 be the result of the admixture of the blond long- 

 heads with ISTeanderthaloid men; whose remains 

 have been found at Canstatt and at Gibraltar, as 

 well as at Spy and in the valley of the Neander; 

 and who, therefore, seem, at one time, to have oc- 

 cupied a considerable area in Western Europe. 

 The same alternatives present themselves when 



*Virchow Beitrdge zur pTiysischen Anthropologic der 

 Dcut.schcn (Abh. tier Koniglichen Akademie der Wissen- 

 schaftcn zu Berlin, 187C). See particularly p. 238 for the 

 full recognition of the Neanderthaloid characters of 

 Frisian skulls and of the ethnological significance of the 

 similarity. 



