108 MAN AND THE LOWER ANIMALS. n 



all due allowance for difference of size, the cranial 

 capacities of some of the lower Apes fall nearly as 

 much, relatively, below those of the higher Apes 

 as the latter fall below Man. 



Thus, even in the important matter of cranial 

 capacity, Men differ more widely from one an- 

 other than they do from the Apes; while the low- 

 est Apes differ as much, in proportion, from the 

 highest, as the latter does from Man. The last 

 proposition is still better illustrated by the study 

 of the modifications which other parts of the 

 cranium undergo in the Simian series. 



It is the large proportional size of the facial 

 bones and the great projection of the jaws which 

 confer upon the Gorilla's skull its small facial 

 angle and brutal character. 



But if we consider the proportional size of the 

 facial bones to the skull proper only, the little 

 Chrysothrix (Fig. 17) differs very widely from the 

 Gorilla, and, in the same way, as Man does; while 

 the Baboons (Cynocephalus, Fig. 17) exaggerate 

 the gross proportions of the muzzle of the great 

 Anthropoid, so that its visage looks mild and hu- 

 man by comparison with theirs. The difference 

 between the Gorilla and the Baboon is even greater 

 than it appears at first sight; for the great facial 

 mass of the former is largely due to a downward 

 development of the jaws; an essentially human 

 character, superadded upon that almost purely 

 forward, essentially brutal, development of the 



