ii GORILLA AND OTHER APES. 103 



the other hand, the spinal column is either 

 straight, or even concave forwards, throughout the 

 lumbar region. 



Whether we take these characters then, or such 

 minor ones as those which are derivable from the 

 proportional length of the spines of the cervical 

 vertebra?, and the like, there is no doubt whatso- 

 ever as to the marked difference between Man and 

 the Gorilla; but there is as little, that equally 

 marked differences, of the very same order, obtain 

 between the Gorilla and the lower Apes. 



The Pelvis, or bony girdle of the hips, of Man 

 is a strikingly human part of his organisation; the 

 expanded haunch bones affording support for his 

 viscera during his habitually erect posture, and 

 giving space for the attachment of the great mus- 

 cles which enable him to assume and to preserve 

 that attitude. In these respects the pelvis of the 

 Gorilla differs very considerably from his (Fig. 16). 

 But go no lower than the Gibbon, and see how 

 vastly more he differs from the Gorilla than the 

 latter does from Man, even in this structure. Look 

 at the flat, narrow haunch bones — the long and 

 narrow passage — the coarse, outwardty curved, 

 ischiatic prominences on which the Gibbon habitu- 

 ally rests, and which are coated by the so-called 

 " callosities," dense patches of skin, wholly absent 

 in the Gorilla, in the Chimpanzee, and in the 

 Orang, as in Man! 



In the lower Monkeys and in the Lemurs the 



