in THE NEANDERTHAL MAN. 179 



bones, whose conformation is so decisive as regards the 

 form and expression of the head, have been preserved. 

 The cranial capacity, compared with the uncommon 

 strength of the corporeal frame, would seem to indicate 

 a small cerebral development. The skull, as it is, holds 

 about 31 ounces of millet-seed; and as, from the propor- 

 tionate size of the wanting bones, the whole cranial cav- 

 ity should have about 6 ounces more added, the contents, 

 were it perfect, may be taken at 37 ounces. Tiedemann 

 assigns, as the cranial contents in the Negro, 40, 38, and 

 35 ounces. The cranium holds rather more than 36 ounces 

 of water which corresponds to a capacity of 1033.24 cubic 

 centimetres. Huschke estimates the cranial contents of 

 a Negress at 1127 cubic centimetres; of an old Negro at 

 1146 cubic centimetres. The capacity of the Malay skulls, 

 estimated by water, equalled 36, 33 ounces, whilst in the 

 diminutive Hindoos it falls to as little as 27 ounces." 



After comparing the Neanderthal cranium with 

 many others, ancient and modern, Professor 

 Schaaffhausen concludes thus: — 



" But the human bones and cranium from the Neander- 

 thal exceed all the rest in those peculiarities of conforma- 

 tion which lead to the conclusion of their belonging to a 

 barbarous and savage race. Whether the cavern in which 

 they were found, unaccompanied with any trace of human 

 art, were the place of their interment, or whether, like the 

 bones of extinct animals elsewhere, they had been washed 

 into it, they may still be regarded as the most ancient 

 memorial of the early inhabitants of Europe." 



Mr. Busk, the translator of Dr. SchaafThausen's 

 paper, has enabled us to form a very vivid con- 

 ception of the degraded character of the Nean- 

 derthal skull, by placing side by side with its out- 



