192 HUMAN FOSSILS. in 



this proportion. People having such skulls were 

 called by Eetzius " dolichocephalic" 



The most cursory glance at the side views of 

 these two skulls will suffice to prove that they 

 differ, in another respect, to a very striking ex- 

 tent. The profile of the face of the Calmuck is 

 almost vertical, the facial bones being thrown 

 downwards and under the fore part of the skull. 

 The profile of the face of the Negro, on the other 

 hand, is singularly inclined, the front part of the 

 jaws projecting far forward beyond the level of the 

 fore part of the skull. In the former case the skull 

 is said to be " orthognatJwus " or straight-jawed; in 

 the latter, it is called " prognathous" a term which 

 has been rendered, with more force than elegance, 

 by the Saxon equivalent, — " snouty." 



Various methods have been devised in order to 

 express with some accuracy the degree of prog- 

 nathism or orthognathism of any given skull; most 

 of these methods being essentially modifications 

 of that devised by Peter Camper, in order to attain 

 what he called the " facial angle." 



But a little consideration will show that any 

 " facial angle " that has been devised, can be com- 

 petent to express the structural modifications in- 

 volved in prognathism and orthognathism, only in 

 a rough and general sort of way. For the lines, 

 the intersection of which forms the facial angle, 

 are drawn through points of the skull, the position 

 of each of which is modified bv a number of cir- 



