METHODS AND RESULTS OF ETHNOLOGY. 233 



Sahara, is a broad belt of land, shaped like a 

 ^. Between the forks of the Y lies the 

 Mediterranean; the stem of it is Arabia. The 

 stem is bathed by the Indian Ocean, the west- 

 ern ends of the forks by the Atlantic. The ma- 

 jority of the people inhabiting the area thus 

 roughly defined have, like the Xanthochroi, promi- 

 nent noses, pale skins and wavy hair, with abun- 

 dant beards; but, unlike them, the hair is black 

 or dark and the eyes usually so. They may 

 thence be called the Melanochroi. Such people 

 are found in the British Islands, in Western and 

 Southern Gaul, in Spain, in Italy south of the Po, 

 in parts of Greece, in Syria and Arabia, stretching 

 as far northward and eastward as the Caucasus and 

 Persia. They are the chief inhabitants of Africa 

 north of the Sahara, and, like the Xanthochroi, 

 they end in the Canary Islands. They are known 

 as Kelts, Iberians, Etruscans, Bomans, Pelasgians, 

 Berbers, Semites. The majority of them are long- 

 headed, and of smaller stature than the Xantho- 

 chroi.* It is needless to remark upon the civiliza- 

 tion of these two great stocks. With them has 

 originated everything that is highest in science, in 

 art, in law, in politics, and in mechanical inven- 

 tions. In their hands, at the present moment, lies 

 the order of the social world, and to them its pro- 

 gress is committed. 



[* See the Essay on the Aryan Question, in this vol- 

 ume, for some qualifications of these statements neces- 

 sitated by further knowledge. — 1894.] 



