260 BRITISH ETHNOLOGY, v 



igula's time, the Gauls had become darker than 

 their ancestors were, it is directly contradicted by 

 Ammianus Marcellinus, who knew the Gauls well. 

 " Celsioris staturae et candidi pcene Galli sunt 

 omnes, et rutili, luminumque torvitate terribiles," 

 is his description; and it would fit the Gauls who 

 sacked Kome. 



III. In none of the invasions of Britain which 

 have taken place since the Roman dominion, has 

 any other type of man been introduced than one 

 or other of the two which existed during that 

 dominion. 



The North Germans, who effected what is com- 

 monly called the Saxon conquest of Britain, were, 

 most assuredly, a fair, yellow, or red-haired, blue- 

 eyed, long-skulled people. So were the Danes and 

 the Norsemen who followed them; though it is 

 very possible that the active slave trade which went 

 on, and the intercourse with Ireland, may have 

 introduced a certain admixture of the dark stock 

 into both Denmark and Norway. The Norman 

 conquest brought in new ethnological elements, the 

 precise value of which cannot be estimated with 

 exactness; but as to their quality, there can be 

 no question, inasmuch as even the wide area from 

 which William drew his followers could yield him 

 nothing but the fair and the dark types of men, 

 already present in Britain. But whether the 

 Norman settlers, on the whole, strengthened the 

 fair or the dark element, is a problem, the ele- 



