vi THE ARYAN QUESTION. 313 



tians, or the Dravidians, as anything else. And 

 considering that their culture developed in the ex- 

 treme south of the Euphrates valley, it is difficult 

 to imagine that its influence could have spread to 

 northern Eurasia except by the Phoenician (and 

 Carian?) intermediation which was undoubtedly 

 operative in comparatively late times. 



Are we then to bring down the discovery of 

 the use of copper in Switzerland to, at earliest, 

 1500 b. c, and to put it down to Phoenician hints? 

 But why copper? At that time the Phoenicians 

 must have been familiar with the use of bronze. 

 And if, on the other hand, the northern Eurasiatics 

 had got as far as copper, by the help of their own 

 ingenuity, why deny them the capacity to make 

 the further step to bronze? Carry back the bor- 

 rowing system as far as we may, in the end we 

 must needs come to some man or men from whom 

 the novel idea started, and who after many trials 

 and errors gave it practical shape. And there 

 really is no ground in the nature of things for sup- 

 posing that such men of practical genius may not 

 have turned up, independently, in more races than 

 one. 



The capacity of the population of Europe for 

 independent progress while in the copper and early 

 bronze stage — the " palaao-metallic " stage, as it 

 might be called — appears to me to be demonstrated 

 in a remarkable manner by the remains of their 

 architecture. From the crannog to the elaborate 



