INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION, 1959-79 369 



in the peaceful applications of the results thereof." In addition, 

 Congress stipulated the following in the basic act: 



The Administration, under the foreign policy guidance of the President, may 

 engage in a program of international cooperation in work done pursuant to this Act, 

 and in the peaceful applications of the results thereof, pursuant to agreements made by 

 the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. 



The select committee also produced a "Survey of Space Law" 

 which included a comprehensive study of the political and legal 

 problems associated with the exploration of outer space. These pre- 

 liminary studies laid the groundwork for the adoption by the General 

 Assembly of the United Nations of resolutions in 1958 and 1959 setting 

 up a Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Science Committee 

 members Victor L. Anfuso (Democrat of New York) and James G. 

 Fulton (Republican of Pennsylvania) as well as Select Committee 

 Director George J. Feldman served as delegates to the U.N. General 

 Assembly. 



CHAIRMAN BROOKS AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 



Some Science Committee members were apprehensive about the 

 attitude of the committee's first chairman, Overton Brooks, toward 

 international cooperation. From many years on the Armed Services 

 Committee, plus the strong support of his constituency, Brooks had a 

 promilitary bias. Also, he was caught up in the emotionally bitter 

 hatred of anything which emanated from the Soviet Union, plus a 

 strong determination that the top priority was to beat the Russians 

 and not to share anything scientific which might interfere with that 

 goal. Committee members feared that Chairman Brooks might shy 

 away from any international gestures. Chairman Brooks answered 

 these fears by sanctioning a series of productive hearings by the House 

 Committee on Science and Astronautics during March 1959 — less than 

 two months after the committee was formed. The hearings on "Inter- 

 national Control of Outer Space," followed by an influential committee 

 report entitled "U.S. Policy on the Control and Use of Outer Space," 

 furnished leadership for American efforts at the United Nations and 

 in other world forums. 



SCIENCE COMMITTEE LEADERSHIP ON INTERNATIONAL POLICY 



Once again the Congress seized the initiative from the executive 

 branch when in a report dated May 11, 1959, the committee unani- 

 mously voted to call on the administration to establish a "more 

 definite" policy toward international control and use of outer space. 

 The committee complained that the United States has "no crystallized 

 positive policy toward space — other than its general commitment to 



