410 HISTORY OF THI COMMITTEE ON SCIENCI AND TECHNOLOGY 



Chairman Hanna took his delegation to Star City, the Soviet 

 cosmonaut training center, which proved somewhat of a surprise to 

 Chairman Teague, who along with Congressman Winn had been 

 denied a chance to visit Star City in a trip to Russia in August 1972. The 

 subcommittee also met with academician Boris N. Petrov, chairman of 

 [ntercosmos of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences and a central figure 

 in the projected Apollo-Soyuz joint United States-Soviet manned flight 

 in 1975. At Star City, they met with three Soviet cosmonauts who had 

 already flown missions in space, including Lt. Col. Alexei A. Leonov, 

 designated the Soviet commander for the Apollo-Soyuz miss'on. 

 Chairman Hanna reported : 



Ours was the first congressional delegation to visit Star City We were treated 

 very hospitably; we were shown their Cosmonaut training equipment and facilities, 

 and we telt our questions were fully answered. We were impressed by the open and 

 congenial attitude of our hosts. 



The delegation also took time in both the Soviet Union and Japan 

 to visit and discuss various energy projects, including a visit to the 

 magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) pilot plant on Moscow's outskirts. 

 In Japan, in addition to meeting with the Space Activities Commission, 

 members of the Japanese Diet, and responsible international trade 

 officials, the Hanna subcommittee spent considerable time going over 

 future Japanese plans in the areas of solar and geothermal energy. 



U.S. -U.S.S.R. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 



On December 4, 5, and 6, 1973, Chairman Hanna's subcommittee 

 held hearings on the transfer of advanced technology between the 

 United States and Soviet Union. Witnesses from government, industry, 

 and the academic world up-dated the committee on Soviet-American 

 trade, with special emphasis on technology. This included the building 

 of manufacturing plants in the Soviet Union by American firms, as 

 well as cooperative research and development agreements. To many of 

 the committee members, the hearings brought out more minuses than 

 plusses in the nature of American-Soviet technology transfer, perhaps 

 symbolized by the remark of Dr. Marshall I. Goldman of Wellesley 

 College to the committee. 



When Party Secretary Brezhnev left the United States, he and President Nixon 

 exchanged gifts. The Russian was given a rifle and a Lincoln Continental. The 

 American ended up with a silver samovar and a tea set. This one-sided exchange, 

 reminiscent of the wheat deal, seems to symbolize most United States-Soviet trade 

 transactions so far. 



In the three days of hearings, the committee aired many other 

 difficulties and pitfalls involved in the technology transfer process, 

 including the whole area of patent policies, the extent to which tech- 



