Biomedical Research 



— Verification of the degree of cardiovascular deconditioning should be 

 obtained while concomitant countermeasures are developed. 



— Bed-rest studies and studies using lower body negative pressure should 

 be continued, but they must be supplemental to inflight research. 



— Instrumentation for onboard hemodynamic monitoring should be 

 implemented according to a well-defined, long-term target. 



— The role of exercise should be clearly defined in such areas as suscepti- 

 bility to space deconditioning, prevention of cardiovascular 

 deconditioning, and protection against cardiovascular dysfunction with 

 prolonged space flight. 



— Experimental studies should be conducted using humans and animal 

 models. 



— The use of a variable-gravity centrifuge in flight must be aggressively 

 studied. 



• Collaborative efforts should be encouraged between U.S. and Soviet 

 scientists, and members of the European and Japanese space agencies. 



Neurophysiology and Behavioral Physiology 



• The etiology of space motion sickness should be identified. 



— Changes in vestibular, otolith, and labyrinth function in microgravity 

 should be characterized. 



— Changes in task performance should be correlated with changes in ves- 

 tibular and otolith function in microgravity. 



• Drug development and testing to prevent or ameliorate the untoward effects 

 of space travel, such as space adaptation syndrome or bone demineralization, 

 should be made a high priority. 



• Other possible effects of space flight on neurosensory and biobehavioral 

 function are unknown and should be explored if we intend to achieve a 

 permanent human presence in space. 



Bone, Endocrine, and Muscle Physiology 



• Changes in the neurohumoral responses to microgravity should be charac- 

 terized and correlated with the incidt rr: of space motion sickness or 

 changes in task performance. 



• The relationships between skeletal muscle atrophy and bone demineraliza- 

 tion should be explored using bed-rest and inflight studies. 



Hematology 



• Erythropoietic, lymphocytic, and granulocytic changes associated with 

 microgravity should be characterized. 



49 



