154 • Technologies To Maintain Biological Diversity 



Figure 6-1.— Transcontinental Embryo Transfer 



Bongo embryos were collected from animals at the Los An- 

 geles Zoo by the research team of the Cincinnati Wildlife Re- 

 search Federation and immediately transported by air to the 

 Cincinnati Zoo. The embryos were transferred into a bongo 

 and into a common eland. These embryo transfers resulted 

 in the successful production of offspring from both bongo 

 and eland surrogates. 



SOURCE: Betsy Dresser, Director of Research, Cincinnati Wildlife Research Fed- 

 eration. 1986. 



Tabie 6-4.— Successful Artificial Insemination in 

 Nondomestic Mammals 



Guanaco 



Llama 



Black buck 



Bighorn sheep 



Brown brocket deer 



Reindeer 



Red deer 



Speke's gazelle 



Giant panda 



Chimpanzee 



Gorilla 



Ferret 



Fox 



Wolf 



Persian leopard 



Puma 



Macaca monkey 



Papio baboon 



Squirrel monkey 



SOURCE B L. Dresser, Cincinnati Wlldilfe Research Federation, personal com- 

 munications, September 1986. 



Photo credit: Zoological Society of San Diego 



Collection of sperm samples for artificial insemination 



and cryogenic storage from nondomestic species is part 



of many offsite conservation programs. Above, an African 



antelope, the scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx gazella 



daimmah) is tranquilized and undergoing semen 



collection by electroejaculation. 



reproductive tract of a donor female (the genetic 

 mother) and transferred into the tract of a re- 

 cipient female (the foster mother), in whom the 

 embryos develop into full-term individuals. Suc- 

 cessful embryo transfer requires synchroniza- 

 tion of the estrous cycles of donor and recipi- 

 ent animals (figure 6-2). In domestic animals 

 this synchrony is usually achieved through ex- 

 ogenous hormone treatment. Donors are in- 

 duced to produce an excess of eggs (super- 

 ovulated) by injection of fertility hormones. 

 Superovulation has been fairly successful with 

 hoofed mammals, although the results vary con- 

 siderably. Optimal drugs and dosages have yet 



