258 • Technologies To Maintain Biological Diversity 



Table 10-1.— International Treaties and Conventions for Onsite Maintenance 



Xitie Established U.S. signed 



Global conventions 



Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat 1971 pending 



Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage 1972 1973 



Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 1973 1975 



Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals 1979 



Convention on the Law/ of the Sea 1982 not signed 



Regional conventions 



Convention on Nature Protection and Wildlife Preservation in the Western Hemisphere 1940 1942 



African Convention on the Consen/ation of Nature and Natural Resources 1968 NA 



Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats 1979 NA 



Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources 1980 1982 



ASEAN Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 1985 NA 



Convention for the Protection of Mediterranean Seas Against Pollution 1976 NA 



Kuv(/ait Regional Convention for Cooperation on Protection of Marine Environment and Pollution 1978 NA 



Convention for Cooperation in the Protection and Development of the Marine and Coastal 



Environment of the West and Central African Regions 1981 NA 



Convention for the Protection of Marine Environment and Coastal Areas of Southeast Pacific . . . 1981 NA 



Convention for the Conservation of Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Environment 1982 



Convention for Protection and Development of Marine Resources of the Wider Caribbean 



Region 1983 1983 



Convention for Protection and Development of the Natural Resources and Environment of the 



South Pacific Region 1985 pending 



Species-oriented treaties 

 Birds: 



Convention for the Protection of Birds Useful to Agriculture (Europe) 1905 NA 



Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds (Canada/U.S.A.) 1916 1916 



Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Animals (Mexico/U.S.A.) 1936 1936 



International Convention for the Protection of Birds (Europe) 1950 NA 



Benelux Convention on the Hunting and Protection of Birds (Europe) 1972 NA 



Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Birds in Danger of Extinction and Their 



Environment (Japan/U.S.A.) 1972 1972 



Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Birds Under Threat of Extinction and on 



the Means of Protecting Them (U.S.S.R./Japan) 1973 NA 



Agreement for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Birds in Danger of Extinction and Their 



Environment (Japan/Australia) 1974 NA 



Convention Concerning the Conservation of Migratory Birds and Their Environment 



(U.S.S.R./U.S.A.) 1976 1976 



Directive of the Council of the European Economic Community on the Conservation of Wild 



Birds (EEC) 1979 NA 



Polar bears 



Agreement on the Conservation of Polar Bears 1973 1976 



Seals 



Interim Convention on the Conservation of North Pacific Fur Seals 1957 1957 



Agreement on Measures To Regulate Sealing and To Protect Seal Stocks in the Northeastern 



Part of the Atlantic Ocean 1957 



Agreement on Sealing and the Conservation of Seal Stock in the Northwest Atlantic 1971 



Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals 1972 1978 



Vicuna: 



Convention for the Conservation of Vicuna 1969 NA 



Convention on the Conservation and Management of Vicuna 1979 NA 



Agreement Between the Bolivian and Argentinian Governments for the Protection and 



Conservation of Vicuna 1981 NA 



Whale: 



Convention for the Regulation of Whaling 1931 1935 



International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling 1946 1948 



SOURCES Simon Lyster, Inlemational Wildlife Law (Cambridge, England: Grotius Publications Ltd.. 1985); Barbara Lauscfie. "International Laws and Associated Pro- 

 grams for In-Silu Conservation of Wild Species," OTA commissioned paper, 1985; Federal Interagency Global Issues Work Group. L/.S. Government Parlici- 

 pation in Inlemational Treaties. Agreements. Organizations and Programs. In the Fields of Environment. Natural Resources and Population. 1984; United 

 Nations Environment Programme. Regional Seas Achievement and Planned Development of UNEP's Regional Seas Programmes and Comparable Programmes 

 Sponsored by Other Bodies. UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies. No. 1, 1982; and M. Wecker. Council on Ocean Law, personal communication, 1986. 



