App. B— Glossary of Terms • 315 



In-situ: Maintenance or study of organisms within 

 an organism's native environment. 



In-situ gene banks: Protected areas designated spe- 

 cifically to protect genetic variability of particu- 

 lar species. 



Interspecies: Between different species. 



Intrinsic value: The value of creatures and plants 

 independent of human recognition and estima- 

 tion of their worth. 



Inventory: Onsite collection of data on natural re- 

 sources and their properties. 



In vitro: (Literally "in glass"). The growing of cells, 

 tissues, or organs in plastic vessels under sterile 

 conditions on an artificially prepared medium. 



Isoenzyme (Isozyne): The protein product of an in- 

 dividual gene and one of a group of such prod- 

 ucts with differing chemical structures but simi- 

 lar enzymatic function. 



Landrace: Primitive or antique varieties usually 

 associated with traditional agriculture. Often 

 highly adapted to local conditions. 



Living collections: A management system involv- 

 ing the use of offsite methods such as zoological 

 parks, botanic gardens, arboretums, and captive 

 breeding programs to protect and maintain bio- 

 logical diversity in plants, animals, and micro- 

 organisms. 



Micro-organisms: In practice, a diverse classifica- 

 tion of all those organisms not classed as plants 

 or animals, usually minute microscopic or sub- 

 microscopic and found in nearly all environ- 

 ments. Examples are bacteria, cyanobacteria 

 (blue-green algae), mycoplasma, protozoa, fungi 

 (including yeasts), and viruses. 



Minor breed: A livestock breed not generally found 

 in commercial production. 



Modeling: The use of mathematical and computer- 

 based simulations as a planning technique in the 

 development of protected areas. 



Morphology: A branch of biology that deals with 

 form and structure of organisms. 



Multiple use: An onsite management strategy that 

 encourages an optimum mix of several uses on 

 a parcel of land or water or by creating a mosaic 

 of land or water parcels, each with a designated 

 use within a larger geographic area. 



Native: A plant or animal indigenous to a particu- 

 lar locality. 



Offsite: Propagation and preservation of plant, ani- 

 mal, and micro-organism species outside their 

 natural habitat. 



Onsite: Preservation of species in their natural envi- 

 ronment. 



Open-pollinated: Plants that are pollinated by phys- 

 ical or biological agents (e.g., wind, insects) and 

 without human intervention or control. 



Orthodox seeds: Seeds that are able to withstand 

 the reductions in moisture and temperature nec- 

 essary for long-term storage and remain viable. 



Pathogen: A specific causative agent of disease. 



Phenotype: The observable appearance of an organ- 

 ism, as determined by environmental and genetic 

 influences (in contrast to genotype). 



Phytochemical: Chemicals found naturally in 

 plants. 



Population: A group consisting of individuals of 

 one species that are found in a distinct portion 

 of the species range and that interbreed with 

 some regularity and therefore have a common 

 set of genetic characteristics. 



Predator: An animal that obtains its food primar- 

 ily by killing and consuming other animals. 



Protected areas: Areas usually established by offi- 

 cial acts designating that the uses of these par- 

 ticular sites will be restricted to those compati- 

 ble with natural ecological conditions, in order 

 to conserve ecosystem diversity and to protect 

 and study species or areas of special cultural or 

 biological significance. 



Provinciality effect: Increased diversity of species 

 because of geographical isolation. 



Recalcitrant seeds: Seeds that cannot survive the 

 reductions in moisture content or lowering of 

 temperature necessary for long-term storage. 



Recombinant DNA technology: Techniques involv- 

 ing modifications of an organism by incorpora- 

 tion of DNA fragments from other organisms 

 using molecular biology techniques. 



Restoration: The re-creation of entire communities 

 of organisms closely modeled on communities 

 that occur naturally. It is closely linked to recla- 

 mation. 



Riparian: Related to, living, or located on the bank 

 of a natural watercourse, usually a river, some- 

 times a lake or tidewater. 



Serological testing: Immunologic testing of blood 

 serum for the presence of infectious foreign dis- 

 ease agents. 



Somaclonal variations: Structural, physiological, 

 or biochemical changes in a tissue, organ, or 

 plant that arise during the process of in vitro 

 culture. 



Species: A taxonomic category ranking immedi- 

 ately below genus and including closely related, 

 morphologically similar individuals that actually 

 or potentially interbreed. 



