THE TUNICATA. 



515 



tures are at opposite ends of the longest diameter of the 

 body ; and, in the two latter, locomotion is effected by the 

 contraction of transverse muscular bands, which drives the 



Fig. li8.—PhaUuHa mentula.— The test is removed, and hardly more of the animal 

 represented than would be seen in a longitudinal section: a, oral aperture; b, 

 ganglion; c, circlet of tentacles ; d, branchial sac— the three rows of apertures in 

 Its upper part indicate, but do not represent, the stigmata; e, the lan^uets ; /, the 

 oesophageal openins; ; g, the stomach ; h, the intestine ; i, the anus ; AT, the atrium; 

 I, the atrial aperture ; m, the endostyle ; w, the heart. 



water out of the one aperture or the other, and causes the 

 body to be propelled in the opposite direction. 



When one of the simple fixed Ascidians, such as a Phal- 

 lusia (Fig. 148) or a Cynthia, is laid open by a section car- 



