498 Transactions. — Geology. 



summit of Moehau only in the ferro-magnesian silicate, the 

 base, feldspars, &c., being precisely similar. 



In conclusion, I may be permitted to state that the above 

 does not by any means constitute an exhaustive paper on my 

 subject. From its inaccessibihty, and its densely vrooded 

 spurs and ravines, years must necessarily elapse before finality 

 can be reached in that respect. 



Art. XLVIII. — Some Notes on the Volcanoes of the Taupo 



District. 



By Benedict Friedlaender, Ph.D., of Berlin. 



Communicated by T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S. 



{Read before the Auckland Institute, 20th June, 1898.] 



I. TONGARIRO. 



ToNGAEiRO is not a single mountain, but a highly complicated 

 volcanic system. Models of it which I saw in the colony 

 m.ade it appear that Tongariro was one truncated cone, with 

 the Blue Lake on its top, but obviously models of that nature 

 must have bee a shaped by persons who never saw Tongariro 

 from an elevated point — either from one of its tops or from 

 Ngauruhoe.''' 



In the Survey Eeport of 1891, however, there was pub- 

 lished a map of the summit of Tongariro which is practically 

 correct. Unfortunately, I only obtained this plan after having 

 visited Tongariro, and therefore was unable to compare it 

 with nature on the spot. As far as my memory, my photo- 

 graphs, and my notes go the map is essentially exact. But I 

 cannot recollect that part called the "West Crater" — viz., 

 a crater adjoining the North Crater (that is, the crater above 

 Ketetahi), towards the south-west. There may be different 

 reasons for my not recollecting it, and I do not intend to 

 question its existence. I would not have even mentioned 

 it had I not found that this West Crater is wanting not only 

 in my memory, but also in Professor Thomas's sketch-map, 

 published in the Transactions, vol. xxi. (1888), page 348. 



* The only model with which I am acquainted in the colony is one 

 that I myself made. The original is in the Colonial Museum at Wel- 

 lington, and faithfully represents Ngauruhoe as a cone, and Tongariro 

 in its proper multiplex volcanic form with the Blue Lake on its top. 

 The volcanic range so well described by the learned author presents no 

 great difficulties to the tourist, and frequent photographs have made it 

 familiar to the general public. — J. H., Ed. 



