Friedlaender. — Oil Neto Zealand Volcanoes. 509 



It may be convenient to express my opinions concerning 

 Euapehu in a few short sentences : — 



(1.) Wliat is considered to be the crater of Euapeliu is 

 possibly, in truth, two adjoining craters. 



(2.) The rim of this crater (or these craters) is most per- 

 fect on the south, south-west, and north. 



(3.) Tlie snow-drainage of the crater takes place through 

 large gaps, in the shape of neves or glaciers hanging down 

 from the rim to the outer slopes of the mountain. 



(4.) The southern portion of the main crater (or, if there 

 be originally two, the south crater) contains a secondary 

 cinder-cone, situated excentrically on the eastern edge. 



(5.) This cinder-cone is active as a solfatara, emitting hot 

 ■water, steam, and sulphuretted hydrogen. 



(6.) The result of the conflict between the steam and the 

 neve is the formation of the lake. 



(7.) Its temperature depends upon the amount and tem- 

 perature of steam on the one side and the amount and rate of 

 neve travelling towards it on the other side. 



(8.) The lake mostly acts as a steam-condenser, and hides, 

 as it were, to some extent, the activity of Euapehu. 



(9.) Most likely Wangaehu draws water from the lake by 

 percolation . 



Some Practical Hints to Visitors to the Volcanoes. 

 As any one of the three volcanoes, in the author's opinion, 

 exceeds in interest for ordinary tourists and in scenic beauty 

 the whole of the hot-springs district, it is time they were 

 made more accessible to the general public. Though none of 

 them offer any difficulty whatever to fairly good walkers— 

 mountain-climbing capacity proper is not required at all — 

 it takes a good deal of trouble and, to those unacquainted 

 with persons and circumstances, considerable expense, to get 

 the desirable outfit on the spot, and the trouble is even 

 greater perhaps m the case of foreigners. If good guides 

 and outfits were obtainable at reasonable charges, and the 

 trips were duly advertised, these marvellous volcanoes would 

 soon not only become better known and appreciated, but 

 would also contribute to the income of the country. I should 

 advise everybody not to avoid a little detour if the chances 

 of getting a proper outfit appear to become better by doing so. 

 For the ascent, and even more so for the descent, of the 

 mountains, especially the line of Ngauruhoe, a long strong 

 stick is very handy. Ngauruhoe's cone in places is just steep 

 and smooth enough to render rolling stones dangerous to 

 those standing beneath. To traverse from east to west the 

 cones of Tongariro on their slope is very tedious, on account of 

 the many gullies. An ice-axe is sometimes handy on Euapehu. 



