i8Ga.] 



aoi 



iiu!> iiiolanism. l>iit tlu- phcnoiHciui iu (|uestiou seem to be confined to the 

 9 sex; and albino rabbits, all)ino mice and albino human beings occur in- 

 discriminately of fjofh sexes. 



It seems to me more philo>;oi)hical, in all such cases as these, to consider 

 the 9 form which departs from the S type to be the normal one, no matter 

 whether it be rare or common, and the 9 form which approximates to the % 

 type to be au example of what some authors have called gyuandromorph- 

 ism; i. e. where the 9 assumes or affects % peculiarities, as when the com- 

 mon domestic hen assumes the % plumage and crows like a cock, and when 

 very aged women, or iu the case of the " Bearded Lady", quite a young- 

 woman, acquire the beard and the voice of a man. 



In this country, so far as I am aware, the 9 of all our Djtisci has the 

 elytra always either smooth or sulcate in one and the same species. In 

 Europe, on the contrary, no less than six species are enumerated by Dr. 

 Erichson, where the females sometimes have their elytra smooth, or simi- 

 lar to the males sometimes sulcate {D. marginnlh L., roii/ormis Kunze, 

 circumcinctus Ahr., duhius Gryll., lopponkus Payk., and septeutrionalw 

 Gyll.). And it is added that '• iu the neighborhood of Berlin both kinds 

 of females of D. circtmirinrfio; are found promiscuously, elsewhere one or 

 the other variety is occasionally wanting. Thus in the lakes near Magde- 

 burg, amongst many thousands of D. circumcinrfKs, not a single female 

 with sulcate elytra could be found".* Could there be a stronger analogy 

 with 9 Turuus, Avhich, as I have shewn, is yellow iu some districts of 

 country, black in others, and iu others again black and yellow promis- 

 cuously ? If an inhabitant of New England says that the normal female 

 of Turnus is yellow, au inhabitant of Magdeburg would be equally enti- 

 tled to say that the normal female of Di/tiscv:'. rircumcinctus has smooth, 

 and not sulcate, elj^tra. 



The fact of Mr. Ridings having in 1832 taken a 9 Glaurn^ in coitu 

 with a % Trirnm is not, though a very strong proof, absolutely conclusive 

 as to their identity. M. Audouin has observed that allied species of Coc- 

 clnella copulate, producing sterile eggs y\ and I have myself seen in my 

 collecting bottle, which holds a pint and which I always fill with dry 

 leaves, a % Chilororis invulnerua Muls.. copulate distinctly with a 9 Ooc- 

 cinelhi aMominalis Say. 



* Quoted in Westwood's Introduction. I, p. 104. 

 t Quoted in Westwood'? Introduction, I. p. 39f>. 



