Ridgivay — New Forms of Oligomyodian Birds. 117 



Pipra erythrocephala berlepschi siibsp. nov. 



Ti/pf, No. 147,568, U. S. Nat. Mas., Nauta, northeastern Peru, Dec. S 

 1883 ; T. Hauxwell. 



Similar to P. erytlirocephala ertithrocephala but yellow of head and neck 

 mneh lighter (bright chrome instead of cadmium yellow or orange) and 

 usually without any red posterior margin ; wingaveraging decidedly longer 

 and bill slightly smaller. (Wing of adult male averaging 59.C ; exposed 

 culmen, 8.9.)* 



Eastern Ecuador to central Colombia (Bogota), northeastern Peru, and 

 lower Amazon Valley. 



Count von Berlepsch has long ago called attention to the differences pre- 

 sented by birds of this species from eastern Ecuador on the one hand and 

 those from northeastern Colombia (Bucaramanga) and Venezuela on the 

 other (Journ. fiir Orn., 1884, 304, 305). I find the differences mentioned 

 by him entirely constant in a series of nine adult males from the Rio Napo, 

 eastern Ecuador, and two from Nauta, northeastern Peru, as compared with 

 ten adult males from Cayenne and British Guiana, ten from Venezuela, 

 nine from Trinidad, and six from northern Colombia. Specimens from 

 Bogota, central Colombia, are, as might be expected from geographical con- 

 siderations, intermediate, but are decidedly nearer to the upper Amazon 

 form. A single specimen from Para, on the lower Amazon, agrees with P. e. 

 berleparlii in coloration but is very small, the wing measuring only 52 mm. 

 while the shortest wing in the series of eleven specimens from the upper 

 Amazon measures 56.5, the longest 61.5 mm. 



Pipra pipra bahiae subsp. nov. 



Type, No. 115,147, U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, Bahia, s. e. Brazil ; C. H. 

 Townsend and T. Lee. 



Similar to P. pipra pipra but adult male with under parts of body, posterior 

 to che.st, dull slate-black or blackish slate instead of intense blue-black, and 

 black of other portions less intense and much less bluish or violaceous. 



Southeastern Brazil. 



Pipra pipra anthracina subsp. nov. 



Type, No. 108,278, U. S. Nat. Mus., adult male, Moravia, Costa Rica, Oct. 

 30, 1885; Juan Cooper. 



Similar to P. pipra pipra,^ of Cayenne, British Guiana, and Venezuela, but 

 wing decidely shorter, bill smaller, black color of adult male much less 

 lustrous (deep velvet or opaque black instead of glossy blue-black), and under 

 tail-coverts tipped with grayish. 



Panama and southern Costa Rica. 



* Eleven specimens. Thirty -live adult males of P. e. erythrncephala average: Wing, 

 57.9 ; exposed culmen, 9.5. 



i[Parus] pipra Linnseus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 175S, 190. Pipra leucociUa Linnaeus, 

 Mus. Frid. Adolph. Regis., ii, 1764, 32 : Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 176G, 3-10. [Pipra] leucocapilla 

 Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 1002. 



