DiiJl ami Jhivtsch — Tin' I*untiindeJlkIm. 3 



and this lias been regarded as a sufficient reason for rejecting 

 this and other names contained in il, as it is known tliat Iluni- 

 phrev, \\\\o was an auctioneer ap.d deaiei-, usually credited with 

 the authorship, is not the author, and the work itself is of no 

 scientific value. 



Family Pyramidellidae. 



Gastropods with the radula absent or obsolete; the operculum ovoid, 

 paucispiral, with the apex anterior, a l-hread-like arcuate rid^e on the 

 proximal side, the inner mariiiii notched in harmony with the plaits of 

 the iJiiUir when prominent; foot short, moderately pointed behind, with 

 a small operculigerous lobe above and sometimes a small tentacular ap- 

 pendix, on each side, in front feebly auriculate or undulate; mantle fee- 

 bly canaliferous on the right upper margin; a single branchia; verge 

 sulj-cylindric, elongate; head with two Haltened subtriangular or elon- 

 gate tentacles, connate, grooved or auriform in the larger forms, the 

 funicles with a ciliated area; below the tentacles an oral orifice from 

 which extends a long retractile subcylindric proboscis, but there is no 

 muzzle like that of Scula; below the oral orifice is an organ named by 

 Loven the mentum, which is usually more or less medially groovetl or 

 fissured, and hence, at its anterior end, more or less bilobate, and exten- 

 sile or retractile before-or behind the front margin of the foot. The 

 shell is turriled, with a [ li. 'ate axis; the outer lip frequently internally 

 lirate: in the larger forms the aperture is obscurely channelled in front; 

 the larval shell is sinistral the adult dextral, the former frequently set 

 at an angle to the adult axis, or more or less immersed in the adult 

 apical whorls; it is usually helicoid and smooth; the sculpture varies 

 from nothing to ribbed, spirally sulcale or reticulate; the coloration 

 when ijresent usually reddish, brownish or yellow. The eggs are num- 

 erous and deposited in a lenticular mass. The distribution is world- 

 wide, but the larger forms are mostlj' tropical. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA OF PYEAMIDELHD^. 



Pyramidella Lamarck. 



Shell elongate-conic, whorls usually inflated and regularly increasing; 

 the pillar with from one to three folds; the outer lip entire; the shell 

 usually larger than in Turhoiiilla. Type, Trochus dolahratus Linne. 



Turbonilla Risso. 



Shell cylindro-conic, many whorled, generally slender; columellar 

 fold single, varying in strength, outer lip entire; shell usually smaller 



