THE PHENOMENA OF ORGANIC NATURE. 147 



times to prove this, and I have endeavoured to meet 

 the objections of those who maintain, that the structural 

 differences between man and the lower animals are of 

 so vast a character and enormous extent, that even if 

 Mr. Darwin's views are correct, you cannot imagine this 

 particular modification to take place. It is, in fact, 

 easy matter to prove that, so far as structure is con- 

 cerned, man differs to no greater extent from the ani- 

 mals which are immediately below him than these do 

 from other members of the same order. Upon the 

 other hand, there is no one who estimates more highly 

 than I do the dignity of human nature, and the width 

 of the gulf in intellectual and moral matters, which lies 

 between man and the whole of the lower creation. 



But I find this very argument brought forward 

 vehemently by some. " You say that man has pro- 

 ceeded from a modification of some lower animal, and 

 you take pains to prove that the structural differences 

 which are said to exist in his brain do not exist at all, 

 and you teach that all functions, intellectual, moral, 

 and others, are the expression or the result, in the long 

 run, of structures, and of the molecular forces which 

 they exert." It is quite true that I do so. 



" Well, but," I am told at once, somewhat triumph- 

 antly, " you say in the same breath that there is a great 

 moral and intellectual chasm between man and the 

 lower animals. How is this possible when you declare 

 that moral and intellectual characteristics depend on 

 structure, and yet tell us that there is no such gulf be- 

 tween the structure of man and that of the lower ani- 

 mals ? " 



I think that objection is based upon a misconception 

 of the real relations which exist between structure and 



