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on the Moon. U.S. missions generally are more complex and U.S. 

 international cooperation has been more tangible since the Inter- 

 national Geophysical Year in 1958. When it comes to tracking and 

 data analysis (items which usually are not included in big science, 

 but which are crucial for its development), the United States has a 

 far more extensive network with many more countries participating. 

 Similarly, many countries eventually will have the opportunity to 

 use the HUBBLE LARGE SPACE TELESCOPE after it is operational. 



The Soviet space big science programs included here have their 

 equivalents in the NASA and ESA programs and are serious efforts to 

 broaden Soviet knowledge of space. What hampers an understanding of 

 the Soviet big science program in space is the lack of hard informa- 

 tion on many of their programs. This is particularly true of the 

 cost data and of information on land-based facilities such as wind 

 tunnels and observatories. 



