III. FUSION 



A. MAGNETIC-CONFINEMENT FUSION n_/ 



International collaboration has been a valuable part of the U.S. 

 magnetic-confinement fusion program since its inception. Most of the 

 collaboration has involved only the exchange of information, that is, 

 ideas, data, and results. There also have been many joint tasks at 

 various facilities, which average about one man-year per year. Two 

 notable exceptions, where substantial Joint funding has taken place, 

 are the Japanese collaboration on the Doublet-Ill facility with GA 

 Technologies, Inc., and the collaboration between the United States, 

 Switzerland, Japan, and the Europeans on the superconducting magnet 

 technology at the International Fusion Superconducting Magnet Test 

 Facility (IFSMTF) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 



Each year typically, for these facilities, there are six person- 

 nel exchanges between the United States and the Soviet Union in each 

 direction, involving a total of 25 to 30 persons. Over 100 exchanges 

 are executed each year, involving more than 200 persons, as part of 

 the U.S. -Japan agreement. The Doublet-Ill and other portions of the 

 U.S. -Japan agreement involve the transfer of funds and joint work in 

 U.S. facilities. Informal exchanges have taken place with European 

 Community (EC) laboratories since 1958. Exchanges with the European 

 Community now are arranged between the U.S. and EC laboratories and 

 are somewhat greater than those with Japan. The United States and 

 the European Community now are negotiating a formal agreement. 



As a member of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 

 and the International Energy Agency (lEA), the United States parti- 

 cipates in multilateral activities which support fusion energy deve- 

 lopment in specific areas. The Large Coil Test at the IFSMTF at the 

 Oak Ridge National Laboratory involves four countries and is an exam- 

 ple of a collaboration under lEA auspices. As a consequence of the 

 Economic Summit process, mentioned in chapter I, a Fusion Working 

 Group was formed to foster early joint planning. This group recently 

 has chartered subpanels to identify major future facilities, enhance 

 near-term collaboration in physics, technology and concept improve- 

 ment, and administrative impediments. The development of an inter- 

 national consensus on the nature of the next generation fusion device 

 is an important objective of the Summit process. 



11/ The discussion in this section is based largely on infor- 

 mation supplied by the Department of Energy, Apr. 16, 1985. 



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