216 



U.S.S.R. 



MARS 1-7 

 U.S.S.R. 



"Big Science" Descriptor : Space: lunar and planetary probes 



Description of Facility/Instrument : The purpose of these satellites 

 was to gather data and relay pictures and information on Mars. 

 Four attempts at achieving survivable landings were unsuccessful. 

 Only one probe (MARS 5) is considered a full success. 



Date of Construction : 1971-1973 (launches) 



Construction Cost : 1984 $$ : 



Present International Cooperation 



Nationality (s) of Ownership : U.S.S.R. 

 Nationality(s) of Operational Funding : U.S.S.R. 

 Nationality (s) of Management Staff : U.S.S.R. 

 Nationality (s) of Researchers : U.S.S.R. 



Other Information: 



Launched 



MARS 1 



MARS 2 



MARS 3 



MARS 4 



MARS 5 



MARS 6 



MARS 7 



November 1, 1962, partial success, communication 

 failed, passed Mars. 



May 19, 1971, intended to soft-land on Mars; 

 partially successful, returned data from or- 

 biter, but the lander destroyed. This satellite 

 carried a French stereo experiment for photo- 

 graphing the surface. 



May 28, 1971, successful, returned orbital data 

 and survived landing on Mars, but only for 20 

 seconds. This satellite carried a French 

 stereo experiment for photographing the surface. 



July 21, 1973, partially successful, returned 

 data in flyby of Mars, but did not enter orbit. 



July 22, 1973, successful, returned data and 

 pictures. 



August 5, 1973, partial success returned data 

 from flyby of Mars, but lander signals ceased. 

 This satellite carried French experiments for 

 photographing the surface and for studying the 

 proton and electron fluxes enroute to Mars. 



August 9, 1973, partial success, returned data 

 from flyby of Mars, but the lander missed its 

 mark upon landing. This satellite carried 

 French experiments for photographing the sur- 

 face and for studying the proton and electron 

 fluxes enroute to Mars. 



