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U.S.A. 



PIONEER 10 AND 11 

 Ames Research Center 

 NASA 



"Big Science" Descriptor : Space: lunar and planetary probes 



Description of Facility/Instrument : These two missions were part of 



the PIONEER Program for Jupiter (10) and Saturn (11). PIONEER 10 

 made the first reconnaissance of Jupiter and was the first to 

 leave the solar system and search for its heliospheric boundary. 

 PIONEER 11 Investigated Saturn and the outer solar system. 



Date of Construction : 1972-1973 (launches) 



Construction Cost : 1984 $$ : $180 million (Total program cost. 



PIONEER 10 and 11 cost undetermined at 

 this time.) 



Present International Cooperation 



Nationality(s) of Ownership : U.S. 

 Nationallty(s) of Operational Funding : U.S. 

 Nationality(s) of Management Staff : U.S. 

 Nationallty(s) of Researchers : U.S. 



Other I-nformation : PIONEERS 1 through 9 were applications-oriented 

 Only with PIONEER 10 did this program become more 



