212 



U.S.A. 



MARINER I-X 

 NASA 



"Big Science" Descriptor : Space: lunar and planetary probes 



Description of Facility/Instrument : Planetary probes of Venus (I, 

 II, V, X), Mars (III, IV, VI, VII, VIII, IX), and Mercury (X). 

 Mariners I and III, although successfully launched, failed to 

 complete their missions. Data received from successful missions 

 Include atmospheric temperature and terrestrial photographs. 

 Mariner VIII was unsuccessfully launched. 



Date of Construction : 1962-1973 (launches) 



Construction Cost ; 1984 $$ : Estimated at $1,487 million 



Present International Cooperation 



Natlonallty(s) of Ownership : U.S. 

 Natlonallty(s) of Operational Funding : U.S. 

 Natlonallty(s) of Management Staff : U.S. 

 Natlonallty(s) of Researchers: U.S. 



Other Information: 



Launched 



MARINER I 

 MARINER II 

 MARINER III 

 MARINER IV 

 MARINER V 

 MARINER VI 

 MARINER VII 

 MARINER VIII 

 MARINER IX 

 MARINER X 



July 22, 1962, failed mission. 



August 27, 1962, successful flyby of Venus. 



November 5, 1964, failed mission. 



November 28, 1964, successful flyby of Mars. 



June 14, 1967, successful flyby of Venus. 



February 25, 1969, successful flyby of Mars. 



March 27, 1969, successful flyby of Mars. 



May 8, 1971, unsuccessful launch. 



May 30, 1971, successful flyby of Mars. 



November 3, 1973, successful flyby of Venus 



and Mercury. 



