"Major opportunities and benefits " \ 



— Making greater resources available, in terms of infor- 

 mation, knowledge, and know-how necessary for any 

 scientific activity; 



— Making possible a wider range of topics and a broader 

 range of approaches; 



— Reducing the financial burden on all participants; 



— Speeding up the entire innovation processes, from ba- 

 sic research to application; 



— Reducing wasteful redundancy; and 



— Enhancing good will and communication among the parti- 

 cipants . 



"Most significant difficulties and costs" 



— Inherent difficulties in meshing disparate national 

 bureaucracies ; 



— Delays in reaching decisions among differing 

 political and legal systems; 



— Complications of varying decision processes, priori- 

 ties, and competencies; 



— Costs of international bureaucracy; 



Science: The U.S. Role in Megaprojects. In Emerging Issues in Sci- 

 ence and Technology, 1982. Washington, National Science Foundation, 



1983. p. 1-13.) Also see, Mitchell B. Wallerstein (ed.). Scienti- 

 fic and Technological Cooperation Among Industrialized Countries: 

 The Role of the United States. (See especially. Appendix E: Anno- 

 tated Bibliography, p. 252-259.) Washington, National Academy Press, 



1984. 259 p. A study of large international facilities was under- 

 taken by the National Academy of Sciences in May 1985. 



A recent issue of Physics Today magazine has discussed several 

 aspects of big science. See for example. Havens, William W. , Jr. 

 Major Facilities for Physics Research. Physics Today, v. 38, Mar. 



1985. p. 23-24; and Hebel, L. Charles. Opportunities in Physics 

 and Major Research Facilities. Physics Today, v. 38, Mar. 1985. 

 p. 25-26. Other articles in this issue of Physics Today are 

 referenced as appropriate in the following sections. 



