Todd — Studies in the Tyrannidce. 181 



Pipromorpha oleaginea (Lichtenstein). 



The following references are of such general, indefinite, or uncertain 

 application that it has not been possible to allocate them subspecifically. 



Muscicapa chloronotis Lesson, Traits d'Orn., 1831, 392 (Brazil [Delalande]; 

 nomen nudum). 



Mionectes oleagineus Cabanis, in Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, Aves, 1845, 148, 

 note (Cayenne, French Guiana; Brazil; descr.). — Cabanis, Arch. f. 

 Naturg., 1847, 251 (in list of species; references). — Cabanis, in Schom- 

 burgk, Reisen in Britisch-Guiana, III, 1848, 702 (Cayenne, French 

 Guiana; Brazil). — Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, 45 (range). — 

 ScLATER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 213, part ("Bogota," Colombia).— 

 Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Avium Neotrop., 1873, 47, part (range). — 

 GiEBEL, Thes. Orn., II, 1875, 596 (syn.). — Garrod, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 London, 1876, 517 (artery).— Salvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 306 

 (references). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1888, 22, 

 part (South American range and references). — von Berlepsch, Zeits. ges. 

 Orn., IV, 1888, 184 ("Bogotd," Colombia) .—Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Mus., XIV, 1888, 112, part (descr.; references). — Bangs, Proc. New 

 England Zool. Club, II, 1900, 21, in text (crit.).— Bangs, Auk, XVIII, 

 1901, 362, in text (crit.).— Dubois, Syn. Avium, I, 1902, 237 (references; 

 range). — Brabourne and Chubb, Birds S. Am., I, 1912, 284 (ref. orig. 

 descr.; range). 



Elainia oleaginea Gray, Hand-list Birds, I, 1869, 355 (syn.; range). 



Pipromorpha oleaginea Giebel, Thes. Orn., Ill, 1877, 203 (syn.). 



Mionectes oleaginus Sharpe, Hand-List Birds, III, 1901, 114 (range). 



Myionectes [lapsus] oleaginus von Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paulista, VI, 1904, 

 369 (range). 



Pipromorphia oleaginea oleaginea Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 50, 

 IV, 1907, 454 (diag.; range; references; crit.) 457, note (meas.). 



Pipromorpha oleaginea is a plastic species, dividing into no less than five 

 recognizable races. It may invariably be distinguished from P. maccon- 

 nelli, with which it is associated throughout a large section of its range, by 

 the color of its wings, in which the middle and greater wing-coverts are 

 tipped with buffy or yellowish, and the inner secondaries broadly margined 

 with the same color. In worn plumage this edging is more or less reduced, 

 but is always evident upon close inspection. P. oleaginea also averages a 

 little smaller, sex for sex. 



Pipromorpha oleaginea oleaginea (Lichtenstein). 



Muscicapa oleaginea Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1823, 55 (Bahia, Brazil; 



orig. descr.; type in coll. Berlin Mus.). 

 Elania oleaginea Hartlaub, Syst. Verz. Nat. Samm. Ges. Mus. [Bremen], 



1844, 53 (Brazil; ref, orig. descr.).— Gray, Gen. Birds, I, 1846, 250 



(ref. orig. descr.). 

 Mionectes oleagina Bonaparte, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, 187 (ref. orig. 



descr.; range). 



