118 



Transactions. 



Te Waharoa, with the remaining 180 Ngatihaua (half of them woimded), 

 and the women and children, took possession of the enemy's pa, and re- 

 mained there to receive the advancing Waikato parties from south-west 

 and south. 



The reason I have termed this battle the Waterloo of the Waikato is 

 that in our time the Native Land Court has held that all that region was 

 completely conquered and occupied by Ngatimaru and Ngatipaoa, and 

 reconquered by Te Waharoa and Ngatihaua ; consequently, all land titles 

 in that region date from the Battle of Taumatawiwi. 



[I am much indebted to Mr. A. McDonald, of Palmerston North, for his 

 valuable assistance in getting the facts required for this paper.] 



Art. XIII. — The Vegetation of the Kermadec Islands. 



By Reginald B. Oliver. 



[Read before the Philosophical Institute of Canterhury, dth October. 1909.] 



I. Introduction. 



Contents. 

 VI 



II. Histoi-y of Botanical Investigation. 



III. Geology. 



IV. Climate. 



V. Introduced Animals and Plants. 

 VI. The Plant Formations. 



1. Coastal Formations. 



(a.) Rocks. 

 (b.) Mariscus Slopes, 

 (c.) Ngaio Scrub. 

 (d.) Sand Dunes, 

 (e.) Gravel Flat. 



2. Inland Edaphic Formations. 



(a.) Rocks and Cliffs. 

 (b.) Swamp, 

 (c.) Lakes. 



3. Forest Formations. 



(a.) General Remarks. 



(b.) Leading Physiognomic 

 Plants and their Life- 

 forms. 



(c.) Ecology. 



VII. 



VIII. 



IX. 

 X. 



The Pi;.nt Formations — continned. 

 "3. Forest Formations — continued, 

 (d.) Physiognomy. 



(L) Dry Forest. 

 (2.) Wet Forest. 



4. Young Formations. 



(a.) Landslip. 



(b.) Tutu Scrub. 



(c.) Pohutukawa Forest. 



5. Introduced Formations. 



(a.) Ageratum Meadow. 

 (b.) Buffalo-grass Meadow. 

 (c.) Beard-grass Meadow. 

 Geographical Distribution. 

 {(I.) The Species. 

 {b.) The Subtropical Islands Pro- 

 vince, 

 (c.) The Formations. 

 (d.) Dispersal. 

 List of Indigenous Pteridophytes 



and Spermophytes. 

 List of Introduced Plants. 

 Bibliography. 



I. Introduction. 



In an area such as the south-western Pacific, where any one island does not 

 include parts of two biological regions, one might imagine the limits of each 

 region could be easily defined. Yet such is not the case. True, it is gene- 

 rally agreed that the several islands to the south and east of New Zealand — 



