588 Transactions. 



are obviously a fluvio-glacial drift, carried forward by the river that drained 

 Rotoiti glacier. 



A great fluvio-glacial drift covers the terrace land and mountain-slopes 

 in the Aorere district, Collingwood. This drift can be traced from sea- 

 level on to the crest of the ridges fronting Golden Bay, being found as a 

 thin covering up to a height of 3,000 ft. above the sea. The fluvio-glacial 

 origin of this drift was first recognised by Dr. Bell during his survey of the 

 Parapara district in 1907. 



The roches moutonnees, rock-basins, and moraines at Boulder Lake, Colling- 

 wood, have already been described by Dobson, Bell, and myself, and require 

 no further reference here. 



The crest of the Whakamarama Range, near Collingwood, has been ice- 

 shorn into many beautiful roches moutonnees and domes, and in the drift at 

 the foot of the range there are many striated and polished boulders of grey- 

 wacke. Granite boulders are plentiful, but none of them show ice-strise. 



The evidence showing that glaciers descended to what is now sea-level 

 in the vicinity of Cook Strait is very strong, and when taken in conjunction 

 with the glaciation of the Rangitikei Valley would seem to prove that the 

 greater portion of the South Island and a large portion of the North Island 

 was glaciated in the Pleistocene. A single bit of evidence might be open 

 to doubt, but when all the evidences are strung together they become cul- 

 minative. The evidence obtainable in Otago, Southland, Canterbury, 

 Nelson, and Wellington would seem to afford conclusive proof that the 

 Pleistocene glaciation attained a greater magnitude than hitherto sup- 

 posed. 



Note. — Since the above was written I have found that great piles of 

 morainic debris occur near Cape Campbell, at the mouth of Kekerangu 

 River, and near the mouth of Shades Creek, all in Marlborough. The material 

 consists mainly of silts, clays, sands, gravels, and boulders, mingled vdth 

 huge angular masses of Saurian sandstone, Amuri Umestone, and enormous 

 masses of fossiliferous sandstone and clay rock derived from the Awatere 

 formation. These moraines are fully described elsewhere. It may, how- 

 ever, be interesting to note here that the masses of fossiliferous clays, sand- 

 stones, and silts belonging to the Awatere formation are altogether foreign 

 to the Kekerangvi and Shades Creek areas. Where the parent rock was 

 situated is not known. 



