Park. — The Great Ice Age of New Zealand. 611 



If Dr. Marshall's second criterion were made to read that " a portion 

 of the glaciated area is covered with till or boulder - clay," it would be 

 nearer the truth, and be applicable equally to Great Britain and New 

 Zealand. 



(3.) The occurrence of rounded hills over the glaciated area. 



This is admitted by geologists to be a common feature of glaciated 

 areas. Eounded hills are conspicuous along the east coast of Otago from 

 the Kakanui River south to Waikouaiti, and from near Dunedin south to 

 the Clvitha. Of examples north of Dunedin we have Hawkswood Hill, 

 Bald Hill, and Moimt Watkins on the north side of Waikouaiti Valley. 

 There are many equally fine domed hills in the Palmerston district, but I 

 have selected these, as they are well seen from any point on the railway 

 near Puketeraki. South of Dunedin we have Saddle Hill, Scrogg's Hill, 

 and Stony Hill ; Waihola Hill and Tuna Hill on the west side of Lake 

 Waihola — the first opposite Waihola Railway-station, the second at the 

 south-west end of the lake ; and farther south the beautiful rounded domes 

 and whalebacked mounds near Crichton Railway-station, six miles south of 

 Milton. 



Maungatua is a good example of a domed hill when looked at from the 

 Taieri Basin ; but, as viewed in profile from any point south of Milton, 

 it is found to present the characteristic features of the well-known " slope 

 and crag " which is so distinctive of highly glaciated areas. Viewed from 

 the Taieri Plain it appears to be a high mountain with steep slopes, but 

 when seen in profile it appears as a fine dome sloping gently westward to 

 the Barewood Plateau, on the edge of which it stands. On the east it 

 descends suddenly into the Taieri Plain. The gentle slope is the stoss- 

 seite, the steep slope the lee-seite. 



(4.) The occurrence of grooved or ice-worn surfaces of rock through- 

 out the district covered by ice. 



Ice-worn surfaces, as I have already shown, abound on every hand, 

 in some areas as smooth and fresh as if the ice had only yesterday 

 retreated, but in most areas dissected and eroded by the younger present- 

 day streams. 



Of the undisturbed glaciated surface we find beautiful examples around 

 Hampden, and immediately south of the Tokomairiro Plain, where between 

 Crichton and LovelFs Flat the smooth, flowing outlines are still finely 

 preserved on the long, gentle slope rising towards Central Otago. 



Of the glaciated ice-worn surfaces that are more or less impressed with 

 later stream erosion I will here mention only the splendidly ice-worn slopes 

 on the west side of the Taieri and Tokomairiro plains, extending as far 

 south as Lovell's Flat and Balclutha, a distance of altogether some forty 

 miles. These smooth, gently rising slopes were eroded by the great ice- 

 sheet that descended from the Barewood Plateau and the Clutha glacial 

 valley, and can be seen to great advantage from the Main South Railway, 

 more particularly on the west side of Lake Waihola and on the south-west 

 side of the Tokomairiro Plain after passing Milton. 



Recent streams have cut many narrow gutters and shallow gullies in 

 the glaciated slopes ; but the two generations of erosion can be easily 

 traced by even the merest novice in physiography from the circumstance 

 that the flat glaciated surfaces are generally covered with yellowish-coloured 

 tussock, while the gullies worn out by later stream-action are commonly 

 sharply outlined by the darker-coloured bracken that grows in them. 

 20'— Trans. 



