Cockerctl — The Scales of the African Ci/prmid Fishes. 145 



distinct thouf^h rounded laterobasal angles; nuclear area su1)])asal, 

 very broad; apical radii very numerous (45 or more), parallel; 

 ))asal radii similar to apical, but liner and closer; basal circuli 

 transverse; npircil cirmli all longitudinal, becoming irregular and 

 more or less wavy. The cliaracter of the apical circuli is very dis- 

 tinctive ; it is an extreme development of the condition found in 

 C')vrhi)ia jtillieni, in which the very strong apical circuli are ol)lique, 

 forming with the radii angles of about 4o degrees. 



( 7. ) Barhng. This innnensc genus will be discussed fully in a later paper ; 

 it will suffice at the present moment to call attention to some of 

 the groupings based on the scales : 



(a.) B.harhitfi (typical) group. Scale ol)long, much longer than 

 broad ; the apical circuli much coarser than the lateral ; base thrown 

 into folds, one of which projects, as in tlie American genus Gila. 

 Also includes B. lacertoides. PaUearctic group. 



(b. ) B. eaiicnsicus group. Elongate-oval scales, without the basal 

 lobe. Numerous European species; some, as B. hocaqii, much 

 broader. I>. .tetlriiD/'n.'iiii from the Atlas Mts. goes in this group, 

 l)ut the scale is broader than tyjiical, with the lateral radii evanes- 

 cent. A very distinct tyjie is B. grahami from Yunnan Fu, the 

 scales oval, extremely minute, the circuli not dense. This fish has 

 four long barbels. 



(c. ) B. affinls group. Scales allied to the last, but much shorter and 

 l)roader, with laterobasal angles, and the lateral radii usually poorly 

 di'velopiMl. Well developed in Asia, with such species as B. 

 u'ynade)isis, B. paradoxus, B. for (mosal), B. hramoides, B. enop- 

 losus (but fewer radii), B. ohtusirostris (but peculiar), and the 

 Persian B. hofschyi (but with distinct lateral radii). In the Medi- 

 terrean region it is represented by/?, callt'nsis (Algiers), B. h/diarnts 

 (type locality Smyrna), B. ksihl (Morocco), B. Jiarlerti (Morocco) 

 and B. sclatt'ri from the Guadalquiver River in Sjiain. African 

 species are 7>. hynni (II. Nile), B. affinis, B. siirki.^, B. oreas (few 

 ai)ical radii ). 



(d.) B. iriacmiUani group. Much like the last; no lateral radii; 

 basal radii few. Also includes the African B. tropidolepis and the 

 Asiatic B. armalus. A doubtfully valid group. 



(e. ) B. kolus group, also including B. waldoi from ]\Iorocco. Scales 

 longer and narrower than in the last group, the laterobasal angles 

 more rounded. The base of the scale is truncate, not rounded as 

 in the caucasicus group. 



(f. ) B. gonionotus group, including also B. jarauicns and B. alttis, 

 all Asiatic. Base of scale wavy; lateral radii olilique. May be 

 regarded as a long form of the next group. 



