146 Cockerell — The Scales of the African Cyprinid Fishes. 



(g. ) B. chilotfs gronp. Broad scales, a1)ont a>; hroad as long, the 

 laterohasal angles fairlj^ strong, the lateral radii usually bent in- 

 wards centrad, or the outer ones failing. A very common type of 

 scale, including the African B. chilntes, jilatystomits, gorgitari, 

 crlangeri, plagiostomus, duchendi, oreas (between this and the 

 ajfi)iis group), batesii, rueppelli, lobogenys, allianalis, nedgia, rus- 

 polii, and radcUffii. 



Asiatic species are B. Jithopidos (l)ut lateral radii not curved 

 basally), hexastichvs, douronensis, ihomnssi, carnaticus (lateral 

 radii vert/ many), malabaricus and jerdoni. 



(h. ) B. micropogov group. Mu(!h like the last, liut very broad scales, 

 broader than long. Includes the Asiatic B. micrnpogon, jarsinus 

 (hardly so broad), oatesii and sharpryi (I'crsia). Also the African 

 B. leplosoma (not nearly so broad), rolhschUdi (]Morocco), and 

 progctij/f<. 



(i.) B. loiigiceps, from the Lake of Cialilee, has a peculiar (ina<lrate 

 scale with rounded corners, and very many radii, apical and basal. 



(j.) J>. /k> w; 7.7' /■/ group. Shape nearly as in r(///y//.s gniu}i, laterohasal 

 angles evident; middle of base emarginate; radii well developed 

 all round. Here go the Asiatic B. chiUnoides (himalayensis) and 

 macrovema (large scale, rather peculiar), and the African />'. bon)- 

 kcri {laarujiioisis), gregorii (l)ut basal radii fewer, and weak; 

 lateral radii weak), inlermedivs (Imt Inisal radii longer, nuclear 

 area nonnal), inermis (much. like intermedins), gudaricus (large 

 scale), margarita, hursensis, hotlrgoi and frilsrJiii, the last from 

 Morocco. The miclear area is usually l)roadly granular. 



(k.) /?. opogon ffnmp. INIuch like the last in form, l)ut no lateral 

 radii, and basal radii nearly obsolete, or with a single one going to 

 the notch. Includes the S. African J!, luihihi, and the Asiatic /.'. 

 srhlcgeJii (Formosa and Japan), Inben, collingwoodii, maculaInK, 

 re}iax!ion, esocinus (Persian tiulf), yunnanensis, apogon, chnginiio 

 and eompressus (but apical radii fewer, and two or three weak 

 basal radii). 



(1.) 7>. brevibarbus group (African). :\ruch like the last, but scale 

 obtusely triangular; a slight tendency to jnilj-goual areas in nuclear 

 region, aflbrding some transition to the following groups. 



Thefour following groups are closely related, and very distinct from 

 all the i)revious ones, having a few very strong radii (ai)ical and 

 basal) coming from the miclear area, in the niaiuier of the Chara- 

 cinid <xrnu^ A lestcs. This may be calle(i alcstiform scul|itun'. In 

 many cases the miclear area is broken up into [xilygonal spaces; 

 this may occur or i)e absent in scales from the same lisli. 



(m.) B. pin naiuxt I Its jirou\i. Scale suhijuadrate, at least as long as 

 broad, with rather numerous strong radii. Includes the Asiatic 



