PERPETUATION OF LIVING BEINGS. 113 



natural species, I might appeal to the universal experi- 

 ence of every naturalist, and of any person who has 

 ever turned any attention at all to the characteristics 

 of plants and animals in a state of nature ; but I may 

 as well take a few definite cases, and I will begin with 

 Man himself. 



I am one of those who believe that, at present, there 

 is no evidence whatever for saying, that mankind sprang 

 originally from any more than a single pair ; I must say, 

 that I cannot see any good ground whatever, or even 

 any tenable sort of evidence, for believing that there 

 is more than one species of Man. Nevertheless, as you 

 know, just as there are numbers of varieties in animals, 

 so there are remarkable varieties of men. I speak not 

 merely of those broad and distinct variations which 

 you see at a glance. Everybody, of course, knows the 

 difference between a Negro and a white man, and can tell 

 a Chinaman from an Englishman. They each have pecu- 

 liar characteristics of colour and physiognomy ; but you 

 must recollect that the characters of these races go very 

 far deeper — they extend to the bony structure, and to 

 the characters of that most important of all organs to 

 ns — the brain ; so that, among men belonging to differ- 

 ent races, or even within the same race, one man shall 

 have a brain a third, or half, or even seventy per cent, 

 bigger than another ; and if you take the whole range 

 of human brains, you will find a variation in some cases 

 of a hundred per cent. Apart from these variations 

 in the size of the brain, the characters of the skull vary. 

 Thus if I draw the figures of a Mongul and a Negro 

 head on the blackboard, in the case of the last the 

 breadth would be about seven-tenths, and in the other 

 it would be nine-tenths of the total length. So 



