HALECOMOEPHI. 59 



Pappichthys plicatus Cope. 



Annual Report U. S. Geol. Surv. Terrs., 1872 (1873), p. 635. 

 Plate III, figs. 13-19, and Plate IV, figs. 1-5. 



Established on a series of bones of the skull and vertebrae. Some of 

 the cranial bones are deeply grooved and with parallel ridges between. 

 The outer face of the dentary is roughly grooved on the inferior half of its 

 posterior two-thirds. The inner face is marked by a strong groove near its 

 middle to the symphysis, above which it is very convex; below it extends 

 to a thin edge. The dental alveoli are shallow and in close contact ; there 

 are six in .025 m. at its middle, where it is also .019 deep. The teeth become 

 smaller at the symphysis. The maxillary bone is rod-like proximally, but 

 flattens out much distally, and is there slightly rugose in parallel lines on 

 the outer face. The teeth are smaller than the mandibulars, there' being at 

 the middle fourteen in .025 m. The alveoli are larger proximally. The 

 depth of the bone at the beginning of the suture for the supplementary 

 maxillary is .020 m. The superior extremity of the hyomandibular is 

 broad and flat. The inferior quadrate is thickened behind, and has a 

 broadly oval condyle. The coarsely serrate suture of the pterygoid adjoins 

 it closely. Number cranial ridges in .010 m., ten. The vertebrae preserved 

 are from an anterior position and are quite short and have sessile diapophy- 

 ses; they are broader than deep; width, m., .026; depth, .019; thickness, 

 .005. The articular surfaces for the neural arches are confluent, so as to 

 have a subquadrate outline. 



Another specimen is represented by numerous fragments, one of which 

 is the right maxillary bone. The proximal extremity of this element rises 

 beak-like upward, and shows on its inferior surface the face for contact with 

 the premaxillary. A portion of this bone passed behind the tooth-bearing 

 part of the maxillary for a short distance, and in front of the proximal end 

 of the beak. The external face of the maxillary is nearly flat, and is 

 delicately grooved distally only ; the inner face is strongly convex. The 

 teeth are close together, and gradually increase in size, and become more 

 cylindric at the base to the anterior extremity. The crowns are lost. 



A fragment of supposed palatine bone exhibits a series of large margi- 



