512 THE WASATCH AND BEIDGEE FAUN^. 



the knee below and free from the body, as in Elephants, Monkeys, and 

 Men. Other characters common to the Proboscidea and some other Ungu- 

 lates are: 11. The scapula acuminate above the spine, and with a very 

 short coracoid; 12. Broad truncate occiput, with widely separated temporal 

 fossae: 13. The greatly expanded iliac bones." 



These characters were adduced in support of the view that these 

 animals should be refeiTcd to the Prohoscidea. Although I have subse- 

 quently referred them to a new and special order, the above characters 

 express the affinities which I claimed for the group, although several of 

 them are found not to be common to all the species. Thus the characters 

 of the malar bone and cervical vertebrae are not common to all of the 

 Dinocerata, while these, with the characters of the femur, are not found in 

 the Pantodonta. It was not, however, until a few weeks afterwards that I 

 discovered the near affinity between these suborders. As regards the 

 possession of a proboscis, there is every reason to believe that some of the 

 species possessed one, though it may have been short as in the Tapir, while 

 it is possible that in others it was wanting, or not more developed than in 

 the Hog. 



The first attempt to define the Dinocerata as an order of Mammalia was 

 made hy Prof 0. C. Marsh, of New Haven, in a paper published a short 

 time subsequently* to my essay quoted above. The characters which he 

 brought forward, and which had mostly already appeared in the descriptions 

 of species published by him and by myself, are the following: "1. The 

 absence of upper incisors; 2. The presence of canines; 3. The presence 

 of horns; 4. The absence of large aii--cavities in the skull; 5. The malar 

 bone forms the anterior portion of the zygomatic arch; 6. The presence of 

 large post-glenoid processes; 7. The large perforated lachrymal forming 

 the anterior portion of the orbit; 8. The small and horizontal nareal orifice; 

 9. The greatly elongated nasal bones; 10. The premaxillaries do not meet 

 the frontals; 11. The lateral and postei'ior cranial crests; 12. The very 

 small molai- teeth and their vertical replacement; 13. The small lower jaw; 



14. The articulation of the astragalus with the navicular and cuboid bones; 



15. The absence of a true proboscis." 



* The extra copies of this paper bear date January 28, 1873. 



