H-45 



RESEARCH PROGRAMMES 



3. Biochemical studies. 



Biochemical composition with season and age, including estimation for each period of 

 the year of the quantities of different chemical constituents (nitrogen, phyllocolloids 

 and other substances such as antibiotics). 



4. General ecological studies. 



(a) Studies of the role of algal species in the ecosystems, their utilization by 

 consumers and their relationship to fishes and invertebrates. 



(b) Life cycle studies both in the field and the laboratory. 



(c) Taxonomic studies based on data from populations in the field. 



(d) Long-term standardized measurements of environmental factors such as radiation, 

 temperature and ice cover. 



SELECTED REFERENCES 



DelEPINE, R. 1965. La vegetation marine dans I'Antarctique de I'Ouest comparee a celle des lies Australes 



l'"ran(;aises: consequences biogeographiq ues. Comptes rendus des seances de la Societe de biogeographie , 



Vol 374, p 52-68. 

 DelEPINE, R., in press. Seaweeds of the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic. In: EL-SAYED, S. Z. ed. BIOMASS 



Vol 2: Selected contributions to the Woods Hole Conference on Living Resources of the Southern 



Ocean, 1976. Cambridge, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. 

 NeuSHUL, M. 1968. Benthic marine algae. /InfarcncAfop foto Series, Folio 10, p 9-10. 

 ZanevelD, J. S. 1966. Vertical zonation of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic benthic marine algae. Antarctic 



Joumalofthe United States, Vol 1, p 211-13. 



2.10 Remote Sensing 



2.10.1 Introduction 



Remote sensing is a technique of growing importance in marine science. The remote 

 sensing systems can take the form of devices used from aircraft, or satellite platforms, or ocean 

 data buoys. Aircraft-borne sensors can possess different characteristics from sateUite sensors. 

 Thus, each hardware system can provide, to a large degree, different types of information; and 

 studies and/or experiments must be designed with these different capabilities in mind. 



2.10.2 Objectives 



Remote sensing techniques can potentially be used to assess the abundance of 

 phytoplankton, macro-algae, krill, birds, and mammals. The application of remote sensing is 

 briefly reviewed in the following sections. 



1. Phytoplankton. 



In general there is a positive correlation between the phytoplankton standing crop (in 

 terms of chlorophyll a) and primary production of surface waters; hence measurement of 

 chlorophyll levels may be useful in assessing the productivity of these waters (El-Sayed, 1971). 

 In recent years, there have been some pioneering studies of remote sensing of chlorophyll a, 

 temperature, etc, using satelhtes and low flying aircraft (El-Sayed and Green, 1974). An 

 excellent opportunity to contribute to our knowledge of using remote sensing techniques to 

 study the standing crop of phytoplankton and other biological and physical attributes of the 

 water column will soon be available through the use of the Coastal Zone Colour Scanner 

 (CZCS) on the NASA NIMBUS-G sateUite to be launched in 1978. It is interesting to point out 



