202 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 



Table of Comparative Measurements of the Races of Corvus 



brachyrhynchos.* 



Pipilo erythrophthalmus canaster subsp. nov. 

 ALABAMA TOWHEE. 



Type from Spring Hill near Mobile, Alabama. 9 adult, No. 207,771, 

 IT. 8. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Collection. May 8, 1911, A. II. 

 Howell. Original No. 944. 



Characters. — Similar to P. e. erythrophthalmus, but with larger bill 

 and slightly longer tail; white markings on tail feathers less extensive; 

 sides and flanks averaging paler; females with head, neck, chest, and 

 upper parts more grayish (dark olive-brown instead of Prout's brown); 

 iris red. 



Distribution. — Greater part of Alabama excepting extreme northern 

 counties where it grades into erythrophthalmus; eastern and western 

 limits of range unknown. 



Color. — Females: Upper parts varying from dark olive-brown to clove- 

 brown ; top of head somewhat browner (sepia or bistre) ; throat and chest 

 pale fuscous, shading to bistre; otherwise as in erythrophthalmus. 



Measurements. — Average of 8 adult males from Alabama: wing, 89 

 (85-93); tail, 97 (90-101); exposed culmen, 14.9 (14-16); depth of bill 

 at base, 10.2 (10-11); tarsus, 29.9 (28-32) middle toe, 19.9 (19-21.5); 

 length of white spot on outermost tail-feather, 28.7 (26-33). Female 

 (type): wing, 86; tail, 96; exposed culmen, 14; depth of bill at base, 

 10.3; tarsus, 29; middle toe, 19; length of white spot on outermost tail- 

 feather, 24.5. 



Remarks. — This new race may be recognized in either sex by the rela- 

 tively small amount of white on the tail, as compared with erythrophthal- 

 mus, and by the large size ami red eyes as compared with alleni. Females 

 are much more grayish than those of either erythrophthalmus or alleni. 

 The bird is probably in the main non-migratory, and occurs locally in 

 moderate numbers throughout Alabama and probably adjacent parts of 

 Georgia and Mississippi. 



* All measurements, except those of paulus, from Ridgway's "Birds of North and 

 Middle America." 

 + Average of 4 adidts from Autaugaville. Alabama, 

 t Average of 5 adults from southern Alabama. 



