Cocker ell — Scales of Panama Fishes. 159 



table in Bull. Bureau Fisheries, XXXII, p. 160, both the Panama 

 species run to Geophagus brasiliensis, tliough the Satanoperca scale is 

 not quite so broad as the others. The Brazilian Chietobranchopsis 

 ocellaris does not have basal lobules free from circuli ; but sucli lobules 

 are well developed in Chaetohranchus flavescens, as in the Panama 

 species. Tilapia nilotica has short broad lobules free from circuli. 



GOBIID^. 



The Panama scales confirm the very distinct and nearly uniform Gobiid 

 type, already discussed elsewhere. 



DACTYLOSCOPID^. 



Dactylagnus mundus has already been discussed in Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. , 

 XXVI, p. 91. 



PLEURONECTID^, 



Paralichthys woolmani scales, as represented by my material, are much 

 smaller than those of P. oblongus, but the structure is the same. 



Citharichthys spilopterus are also small, but structurally closely resemble 

 Syacium papillosum, the lateral field being essentially after the manner 

 of this species, not as in Citharichthys arctifrons. 



SOLEIDiE. 



Achirus fluviatilis scales agree structurally with A. lineatus. Symphurus 

 plagusia scales essentially agree with those of S. piger. 



XoTE. — In Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. , XXVI, p. 77, the scale of Bregmaceros 

 is discussed, and said to apparently lend some support to the Tims theory 

 of the origin of teleostean scales. Further investigation shows that this 

 idea was based on an error of interpretation, and other studies appear to 

 show conclusively that the Tims theory is incorrect. 



