246 HELICID^. 



least I have not succeeded in finding any perfect embryo 

 inside a full-grown specimen, although the shells thus 

 examined were collected at the same period of the year 

 and in the same spot with specimens of P. umbilicata 

 which contained young ones completely formed. In a 

 living specimen of P. ringens which I have just received 

 with others from Dr. Lukis, the top whorls have been 

 accidentally broken off and replaced by an imperfect 

 septum, showing that these whorls are not occupied by 

 the animal after it has attained its maturity. The shell 

 varies considerably in the length of the spire; and in 

 the young it resembles that of a small conical Helix, 

 The internal structure of the shell was first noticed and 

 described by Mr. Alder in his excellent Memoir on the 

 Land and Freshwater Shells of Northumberland. 



This species was first discovered by Mr. Bean, the 

 venerable, but still active, conchologist of Scarborough. 

 It is the Vertigo Anglica of Ferussac ; but although that 

 specific name is prior to the one which I have ventured 

 to adopt, it was unaccompanied by any description ; and 

 the Supplement to Wood^s ^ Index Testaceologicus ^ only 

 contains a figure of the shell, although referring to the 

 same name. The Pupa ringens of Michaud^s Supple- 

 ment to Draparnaud^s ' Histou^e,^ which bears a subse- 

 quent date to that of my Monograph in the ' Linnean 

 Transactions,^ is a different species from this, and is allied 

 to P. secale. 



3. P. umbilica'ta *, Draparnaud. 



P. umbilicata, Drap. Tabl. Moll. p. 58, and Hist. Moll. p. 62, pi. iii. f 39 

 40 ; F. & H. iv. p. 95, pi. cxxix. f. 7. 



Body decidedly truncate in front and blunt behind, greyish- 

 * Having an umbilicus or navel. 



