276 



BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES 



In American waters it has been taken as far south on the Pacific coast as Puget 

 Sound (Giesbrecht and Schmeil, 1898), but apparently it does not reach San Diego, 

 not having been found there by Esterly. Willey (1920) records it from south of the 

 Alaska Peninsula, from Bering Sea, and from several localities along the Arctic 

 coasts of Alaska and Canada. On the Atlantic side it occurs in the Labrador cur- 

 rent off the Straits of Belle Isle (Herdman, Thompson, and Scott, 1898). The 

 Canadian fisheries expedition found it one of the most plentiful of copepods in the 

 Gulf of St. Lawrence and had it at most of the stations between the Newfoundland 

 and Scotian Banks, as well as along Nova Scotia, though not in such abundance 

 (Willey, 1919). Wright (1907) also describes it as abundant off Canso, Nova 

 Scotia, in July and August; and as I have remarked in several previous communi- 

 cations, Pseudocalanus is one of the most characteristic members of the copepod 

 community of the Gulf of Maine. West and south of this it is much less abun- 

 dant and more seasonal. In warm summers it probably finds its farthest bound 

 about New York, judging from the fact that it has not been reported at Woods 

 Hole during the warm hah of the year, though Fish (1925) found it there in winter, 

 and from our failure to find it at any of the nine southern stations in 1913 (Bigelow, 

 1915). In the cool August of 1916 it was recognized at three stations on the con- 

 tinental shelf off New York (stations 10363, 10364, and 10365) and may have occurred 

 at others, for only a preliminary examination has been made. In September, 1914, 

 it was taken just outside the continental edge off Marthas Vineyard (station 10260), 

 and in October, 1915, it occurred at all three stations across the continental shelf 

 on this line (stations 10331 to 10333; table, p. 298). It enters Narragansett Bay in 

 January and February (Williams, 1907), and Dr. C. B. Wilson (in a letter) writes 

 that he has "examined specimens taken in winter as far south as the thirty-seventh 

 parallel of latitude, opposite the mouth of Chesapeake Bay," this being the most 

 southerly record of it along the seaboard of eastern North America. 



Gulf of Maine. — Pseudocalanus is nearly as universal as Calanus finmarcliicus in 

 the guff, indifferently in the coastal zone, in the deep parts of the open basin, and on 

 the off-shore banks. Evidently it is a constant member of the plankton of Gulf of 

 Maine harbors, the Grampus having had it in Gloucester, Rockport, and Kittery 

 (Bigelow, 1914, p. 116). Doctor McMurrich took it at St. Andrews, where he lists 

 it for 71 per cent of the 160 tows covering all seasons of the year. Since 1913 it 

 has been recognized in the following proportion of the stations for which the cope- 

 pods have been listed: 19 



Date 



February, 1920... 



March, 1920 and 1921 .._ 



April, 1920 



May, 1915 and 1920 



Juno, 1915 



August, 1913, 1914, 1915, and 1922.. 



Percentage 

 of stations 

 with Pseu- 

 docalanus 



Date 



September, 1915 



October, 1915 



December, 1920.. 



January, 1921 



General average. 



Percentage 

 of stations 

 with Pseu- 

 docalanus 



90 

 91 



«° The summer of 1912 and winter of 1912-13 are not included in this calculation because there is reason to believe that Pseudo- 

 calanus is underestimated in the published lists because of the nets employed (Bigelow, 1914, p. 115; 1914a, p. 409). 



