OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 151 



Phtllacanthus annulifeea, Lamarck. Scrobicular circle very 

 distinct, formed by a double row of secondary tubercles. 

 Secondary spines and papillae elongate, tapering, yellowish with 

 greenish longitudinal stripe in the middle. Primary spines, 

 nearly twice the diameter of the test, gradually tapering towards 

 the extremity, often fluted, cupuliform, granulation in irregular 

 rows with scattered larger spines along the body of the shaft. 



Not very common. Found in shallow water at low tide, 

 generally sandy bottom. Specimens from Tasmania and N. S. 

 Wales coast. MacLeay's Museum. Endeavour River — " Chevert 

 Expedition." It seems to have a wide range in Eastern Australia. 



Phyllacanthus dubia, Brandt. Closely allied to P. imperialist 

 but smaller. Granulation of abactinal system coarse. 0. plates 

 smaller, and plates of anal system longer and less numerous than 

 P. imperialis. Six primary tubercles on each row. The primary 

 spines are nearly cylindrical, sometimes swelling near base, or 

 gently tapering towards extremity, and deeply grooved. 



Common in Tasmania, E. coast, Botany Heads, Port Jackson, 

 Apollo Bay; Victoria, King's Island, Bass Straits. Sandy bottom, 

 10 to 20 fathoms. 



Phtllacanthus imperialis, Lamarck. The primary spines of 

 this species are like the Pacific " Pencil fish" (JSeterocentrotus 

 mammillatus) , but much fewer in number. Primary tubercles, 

 six in each row, even in the largest specimens (75 millim. in 

 diam.) Scrobicular circle, well defined circular, limited by one 

 row of rather prominent secondaries. 



Rare, Port Jackson, Port Denison, Port Molle. Station un- 

 known, as the specimens seen by me have all been cast up on the 

 beach after storms. There is no specimen in the MacLeay 

 museum. 



Phyllacanthus verticillata, Lamarck. This species is dis- 

 tinguished by its peculiar spines, which have circles of lamellae 

 at intervals along the shaft. The primary tubercles are small, 

 not prominent. I have never seen a specimen which I could 

 rely upon as coming from Australia. Though it is given as Aus- 

 tralian on the authority of the Pour tales. It is probably tropical. 



