RELATIONS OF ANTHROPOMORPHA TO MAN. 413 



is undivided into cornua, resembles tliat of the human subject. 

 The placenta of a Chimpanzee foetus, 11^ inches long, was sim- 

 ple, rounded, 3|- inches in diameter, and 0.6 inch thick in the 

 centre. The umbilical cord was inserted near one of its edges. 



The proportions of the limbs to one another and to the 

 body do not sensibly change after birth ; but the body, limbs, 

 and jaws, enlarge to a much greater extent than the brain-case. 



The amount of variation in the characters of the skull 

 among the Chimpanzees, Gorillas, and Orangs, is exceedingly 

 remarkable, especially if taken in connection with their very 

 limited areas of distribution. 



Of the four genera of the Anthropomorplia^ the Gibbons 

 are obviously most remote from Man, and nearest to the Cy- 

 nopithecini. 



The Orangs come nearest to Man in the number of the 

 ribs, the form of the cerebral hemispheres, the diminution of 

 the occipito-temporal sulcus of the brain, and the ossified 

 styloid process ; but they difibr from him much more widely 

 in other respects, and especially in the limbs, than the Gorilla 

 and the Chimpanzee do. 



The Chimpanzee approaches Man most closely in the char- 

 acter of its cranium, its dentition, and the proportional size 

 of the arms. 



The Gorilla, on the other hand, is more Man-like in the 

 proportions of the leg to the body, and of the foot to the 

 hand ; further, in the size of the heel, the curvature of the 

 spine, the form of the pelvis, and the absolute capacity of the 

 cranium. 



c. The Anthropidce are represented by the single genus 

 and species, Man, and they are distinguished from the 

 Simiadce^ and especially the Anthropomorpha^ by the follow- 

 ing characters: 



In progression on the ground, the erect posture is the 

 easiest, and no assistance is given by the arms, which are 

 shorter than the legs. After birth, the proportions of the body 

 alter in consequence of the legs growing faster than the rest 

 of the body. In consequence, the middle point of the height 

 of the body — which, at birth, is situated about the umbilicus 

 — becomes gradually lower, until, in the adult male, it is as 

 low as the symphysis pubis. 



In the manus, the pollex is strong and long, reaching to 

 the middle of the basal phalanx of the index digit. In the 

 pes, the tarsus takes up half the length of the foot ; the cal- 

 caneal process is long, and expanded posteriorly. The hallux 



