Mar., 1901] Kellerman — Competition in Botany. 75 



Do not save specimens that have no fruit, except in case of rare 

 species. Only enough pressure on the specimens (placed between 

 blotters or soft papers) should be brought into requisition as is neces- 

 sary to keep them from cui'ving or crumpling while drying. Then 

 glue a specimen to a card-board, 8} x 11^ inches, and also attach a 

 paper pocket containing ample material, and the drawings (if any are 

 attempted), also the notes, to the same piece of card-board. Use a 

 separate card-board for each kind (species). 



Tell the substratum on which tlie specimen was found — as bould- 

 'ers, limestone, sandstone, log or stump, fence-rail, tree or plant, 

 soil, etc. Give additional notes as to appearance, size, abundance, 

 habitat, habit, etc. Those growing on rocks can not generally be 

 ■removed -a thin piece of roclv must be chipped off to secure tliem. 



A detailed description should be wi'itten of each kind (species) ; 

 •drawings perhaps might be undertaken; the different species sliould 

 be compared and contrasted. Use a good pocket-lens. There is no 

 itext-books on Lichens that is usable by beginners. 



Dendrologicai,. — Tlie Trees may be studied from one of several 

 points of view. If a camera be used, selected trees should be studied 

 and illustrated; the bark compared in case of different species, like- 

 wise in case of one and the same species when tlie individuals are of 

 ■different ages and sizes or grow in different situations or exposures; 

 ^Iso modes of branching compared and shapes contrasted. Very full 

 inotes should be taken, and when written up in the report reference 

 «hould be made constantly to the numbered illustrations. Few or 

 many kinds of trees, as preferred, may be taken if this phase of the 

 subject is selected. 



Instead of the above one may study and identify all the kinds 

 (species) of trees in the region. Full descriptions should be written 

 out, and similarities and contrasts of different species noted. Give 

 uses of the kinds of woods only when such use is made in the region 

 or the near town or city. Collect twigs and fasten them to card- 

 iboards (8^ x 11 J inches). Attach a specimen of the fruit also when 

 It can be found under the tree. A pamphlet (price 10 cents) with a 

 Key to the Ohio Forest Trees by means of which the names can be de- 

 termined, may be obtained from the writer. 



A third method of carrying out the work on trees would be to 

 give an account of the forest area in the region — either taking a 

 square or rectangular tract of a mile or more in extent; or selecting 

 if possible a natural area, as a river or creek valley, or other ob- 

 viously bounded tract of ample dimensions. Draw a map of the 

 -selected region and locate thereon the forests and grou^DS of trees. 

 Describe them, indicating the prominent kinds of trees, the less 

 abundant species, and the very rare ones. Tell approximately the 

 size of the largest, the commonest size, etc. Note uses made of some 

 of the kinds in the region or at a near manufactory. Record other 

 ■observations. 



