Dec, 1902,] Prehistoric Anthropology. 337 



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described by Professor F. A. Lucas as a species much the size and 

 proportion of the bull terrier, and resembling very much the dogs 

 found in the old village sites in Texas and the old Pueblos. 



Mr. Mills also stated that at the present time in all Europe 

 every dolman and village site is known to the scientist ; the 

 borders of all the inland lakes have been studied with care, for it 

 was thought that man}- of them w^ere sites of sunken forests, and 

 many of these sunken trees could easily be detected in time of low 

 water. But as investigations went forward it was soon shown, 

 after lifting one of those trees from its bed, that it was a sharp- 

 ened pile, bearing evidence of human workmanship ; that these 

 had been driven into the ground and the tops of these piles in the 

 remote past served as the sites of the homes of these early paople. 

 At the same time a study of the various implements found in the 

 shell heaps of Denmark and in the inland lakes of Switzerland 

 and dolmans of various parts of Europe, brought out the fact of 

 the similarity of the implements of these different countries. 

 Therefore, by reason of this similarity, the scientists of that time 

 were able to determine the prehistoric ages by comparing the dif- 

 ferent implements of these various countries and the recognition 

 of the resemblance between them, and by so doing they were able 

 to correlate and identify the culture of early man. It was also 

 found in later 3'ears, as the knowledge of prehistoric world 

 increased, that this great similarity of European implements was 

 found to extend to the Western Hemisphere ; that practically all 

 of the implements and ornaments made of stone, bone and shell 

 found in Europe could be readily duplicated in the United States. 

 Ever since the establishment of the science of Anthropology the 

 question that has been uppermost in the mind of the anthropolo- 

 gist is to find out the orgin of the people that inhabited this 

 country. In relation to their unity or diversity' the scientists of 

 this country have been accepting the evidence furnished b}' crane- 

 ology, by language and by social institutions of the American 

 tsibes and their predecessors. 



Dr. Morton, in 1S39, brought out the idea of the homogeneous 

 physical characteristics of the aboriginees of America, extending 

 from Terra del Fuegoto the Arctic circle, and it has been accepted 

 without question, and has more recently been made the basis of a 

 wideh' comprehensive deduction. Other scientists believe that 

 the American Indian is essentially separate and peculiar, a race 

 distinct from all others. 



A review of all the theories advanced on both sides was extens- 

 ively discussed, but the speaker could not bring out all the points 

 that may be produced to show the unity or the diversity of the 

 human race, but was sure that the student of anthropology, with 

 the wealth of material and opportunities now afforded, will be 

 able in time to solve the problem which for the last three- fourths 



