338 The Ohio Naturalist [Vol. Ill, No. 2, 



of a century lias been troubling us, namely, the problem of the 

 unity or the diversity oi prehistoric man in America. 



Mr. Mills also reviewed the work of the Ohio State Archaeo- 

 logical and Historical Societ)' at the Baiim village site along Paint 

 creek and at the Gartner Mound along the Scioto. At the Batnn 

 village the work this year fully demonstrated that the people 

 lived in small clans or famih- groups ; that these clans had their 

 own burial grounds, refuse pits, etc. Explorations carried on in 

 previous years developed no burials having earthen jars placed 

 with them. However, during the past year's work burials were 

 found with earthen jars placed at the head. These jars invaria- 

 bly contained a spoon made of ocean shell or the back of the 

 common land turtle, cut in form to be used for the same purpose. 

 In other jars large awls were found, which were no doubt used 

 for conveying food to the mouth. * 



The light that is thrown upon one brief period of the past by 

 the sttidy of these village sites, surrounded as they are by the 

 mounds and earthworks of that by-gone people, testifies that they 

 were agriculturists as well as hunters ; that they lived in the 

 family group or clan ; that each clan was versed in the manufac- 

 ture of potter}', ornaments and implements ; that they had the 

 domesticated dog, and that this dog resembles very much the 

 dogs found in the Southwest and even in Mexico. Moreover, 

 these people had communication with the world other than their 

 own habitation, as is evidenced b}' the intercourse with 'which 

 they obtained mica, copper, obsidion and ocean shell. 



The latter part of the summer was devoted to mound work, 

 and the Gartner mound, situated about six miles north of Chilli- 

 cothe, was thoroiighly examined. Here very man}' new and 

 interesting things were discovered. Large pieces of perfect 

 pottery were found with burials, and in some cases the material 

 ready to be made into pottery was placed with the burial. A 

 large platform was uncovered, extending thirty-four feet east and 

 west and twenty-three feet north and south. The platform was 

 made of tamped clay and covered over the top with ashes ranging 

 in thickness from six inches to two and one-half feet : these 

 ashes were filled with animal bones, implements and ornaments 

 of these people. In all f or t}-- four skeletons were removed from 

 this mound. Seventy-five per cent, of these skeletons had imple- 

 ments and ornaments placed with them. C^reat quantities of the 

 canine teeth of the mountain lion and wolf were found, also large 

 shell gorgets set with pearls. Taking it all in all this is one of 

 the most interesting mounds examined in this section. 



