June, 1902.] Moulds Injurious to Foods. 289- 



Proper methods of checking or preventing the growth of moulds 

 should receive serious attention, since these fungi form an impor- 

 tant problem in the household, and also in the army where the 

 preservation of bread and other articles of food for considerable 

 periods of time is necessary' . 



The following are orders and families of fungi which contain 

 species injurious in the household : 



Bacteriat^ES— Coccaceae, Bacillaceae, Spirillaceae. 

 MucoRAEES— Mucoraceae. 

 SaccharomycetaeES— Saccharoniycetaceae. 

 ASPERGILLAEES — Gvmnoascaceae, Aspergillaceae. 

 MoNiEiAEES — Mncedinaceae, Denialiaceae, Tuberculariaceae. 



The following is a list of the more important moulds : 



J//u'orac'eae. 



Mucor stoloiiifer. Common bread mould. Grows on bread, cake, decay- 

 ing fruit and vegetables. 



]VIucor mucedo. On fruits, bread, etc. 



Mucor racemo.sus. On decaj-ing vegetables, fruit, and bread. 

 Mucor spinosus. On moist bread and decaj-ing vegetables. 

 Mucor rhizopodiformis. Not uncommon on moist bread. 

 Thanuiidium elegans. On various articles, as bread, paste, etc. 



Aspergillaceae. 



Penicillum crustaceum. The most universal mould in the world. On 

 decaying or preserved fruits, bread, pie, milk, potatoes, chocolate, etc. 



Aspergillus herbariorum. A imiversal mould on bread, cheese, peach 

 preserves, plum butter, mince meat, etc. 



Aspergillus repens. Grows in the same substrata as A. herbariorum. 



Aspergillus niger. On moist vegetables. 



Mucedinaceae. 



Oospora lactis. On milk and cheese. 

 Oospora fasciculata. On oranges. 



Monilia fructigena. On peaches, plums, and cherries. 

 Trichothecium roseum. On various plant and animal products, fruits,, 

 vegetables, sweet potatoes, etc. 



AN ADDITION TO OHIO BIRDS. 



Mr. Irving A. Field, of Dennison University, Oranville, an- 

 nounces the capture of a European Widgeon ( Mareca penelope) 

 on the picking Reservoir, Saturday morning, March 29, 1902, by 

 Mr. Peter Haydeu of Columbus. This European species has been 

 found in the eastern parts of the United vStates several times, but 

 this is the first one on record for Ohio. It is the more interesting 

 as coming from near the center of the state. Ohio's artificial 

 bodies of water have proved great attractions to more than one 

 rare species of birds. Lvnds Jones. 



