2i6 The Ohio Naturalist. [Vol. II, No. 5, 



proper terms are hermaphrodite or bisexual, aud unisexual when 

 the sexes are separated. Monoecious and dioecious should not be 

 used for sexual individuals ; these terms are properl}* applied onh- 

 to the sporophyte. 



Reproduction may come under three general heads : i . \'eg- 

 etative propagation. 2. Reproduction by non-sexual spores. 

 3. Sexual reproduction in which spores are formed by the conju- 

 gation of two gametes or two coenoc}tes. Any specialized part 

 or branch of the gametophyte which bears the sexual organs 

 should be called a gametophore. The gametophores ma}- be 

 aiitheridiophores, archegoniophores, oogoniophores, etc. The 

 organs which bear the male and female cells are the spermary and 

 ovary, but these may have various special names, as oogonium, 

 archegonium, antheridium, depending upon their structure. The 

 sexual cells are gametes, and should be called spermatozoid and 

 oosphere, or simply sperm and egg. Normally these two cells 

 must unite to give rise to a spore. The union of the male and 

 female gametes is known as fertilization. This term must never 

 be used for pollination. Pollination is the transfer of a small 

 male plant to an ovule or a stigma. vSexually formed spores are 

 either zygospores or oospores— zygospores when the uniting cells 

 are not at all or very little differentiated from each other, oospores 

 when they are spermatozoid and oosphere. The product of 

 coenocytic conjugations ma}^ be called coenocytic zygospores, etc. 

 The term sporophore ma}- be used for any organ which bears 

 sporangia, whether on the gametophyte or sporophyte. Then 

 the sporophore may be a sporophyll, or otherwise. Sporophore 

 is a general term for a spore-bearing organ or branch. The 

 sporophore may be a conidiophore, a zoosporangiophore, etc., 

 according to the nature of the spores produced. 



A flower is a modified spore-bearing branch without sexual 

 organs. In some cases complete sterilization may have resulted 

 so that no spores are produced. vSuch a flower is one, neverthe- 

 less, which was a spore-bearing organ in the earlier stages of its 

 phylogeny. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish between 

 spores and brood-buds, but all specialized reproductive cells should 

 be called spores. The term .spike should not be used for a prima- 

 tive flower or shortened branch of sporophylls. Such flowers 

 may be called cones — as cone of Equisetum, Lycopod, Pine, etc. 

 The spike is an inflorescence. The flower may be either mono- 

 sporangiate or bisporangiate. If it is monosporangiate it may be 

 monoecious or dioecious. These terms should be applied only to 

 heterosporous sporophytes. Monosporangiate flowers are either 

 microsporangiate or mcgasporangiate. In the case of Spermato- 

 phytes they ma}- be called staminate and carpellate. Such 

 expressions as hermaphrodite flowers,- and pohgamous flowers 



