i24 Ohio i^aturalist. [Vol. 1, No. 8 



even on plants growing in the crevices of bare rocks at a considerable 

 distance above any pines — it seemed nearly certain that tlie adults 

 must fly back to the plants to deposit their eggs. 



It will be interesting to discover whether a similar food habit 

 occurs in any of the Eastern members of the genus or whether this 

 is peculiar to the western species. It seems possible that original 

 pine-inhabiting species finding themselves unable to maintain their 

 froth masses in their exposed positions on pine branches in sucli a 

 dry atmosphere were compelled to seek moister conditions sucli as 

 are afforded by the shade and contact with the earth under these 

 bushy plants. 



Explanation of Platk. — Fig. 1. Aphrophora perrnutata Uhl. Adult. X About 7. Com- 

 mon from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, la — Side view of head, showing profile of face. 



Fig. 2. Pupa of above. 2a— Side view of head of pupa. 



Fig. 3. Semi-diagramatic cross-section of a clump of Ckrysopsis villosa to show relative 

 location of larvae with relation to the froth mass and the surface of the earth. 



Fig. 4. Aphrophora parallela Say AdvXx.. X About 7. Eastern U. S. to Ohio and Mich. 

 4a — profile of head of same. 



THE VERNATION OF SALIX. 

 Robert F. Griggs. 



Most of the manuals are entirely silent regarding the vernation 

 of the Willows. Sargent* describes their leaves as " variously 

 folded in the bud " and under different species gives them as : in- 

 volute, revolute, convolute, and even conduplicate in the bud. The 

 fact that he gives two species, closely related and difficult to dis- 

 tinguish, at the time the buds open (Salix nigra and S. amygda- 

 loides), as having involute and revolute vernations, led me to take 

 up the matter to see if a key for their identification from bud cliar- 

 acters, could be constructed. 



Not only did I find tliat they were not involute and revolute 

 respectively; but that they were neither involute nor revolute, but 

 both imbricate. On examining other species the same thing was 

 found. The only exceptions to the true imbricate vernation found 

 are represented in figures 3 and 4. The section Purpureae, on account 

 of its tendency to have opposite rather than alternate leaves, often 

 forms such decussate buds as are shown in figure 3. In Salix incana 

 Schrenk, a species whose leaves at maturity have revolute margin,', 

 the leaves have a greater or less tendency to roll backwards in the 

 bud. The most extreme case found is shown in figure 4. Others 

 from the same twig could be shown wliere the leaves show 

 only the slightest tendency to be revolute. If we may consider that 



* Sargent: Silva of North America 9 : 96. 



