404 Transactions. 



Art. XLIII. — Additions to the Knowledge of the Recent Brachiopoda of 



Neiv Zealand:' 



By J. Allan Thomson, M.A., D.Sc, F.G.S. 



[Read before the Wellington Philosophical Society, 28th October, 1914.] 



There are only four valid species of Brachiopod described from New 

 Zealand waters — viz., Hemithyris nigricans (Sowerby), Neothyris lenticularis 

 (Deshayes), Terebratella sanguinea (Leach), Terebratella rubicunda Sowerby. 

 The occurrence of a fifth species, Crania sp. ind., has been indicated 

 by Hutton* and Hamilton. f To this list I am now able to add four 

 species, the locality of one of which is doubtful. Two species formerly in- 

 cluded in Hutton's lists — viz., Magadina cumingi (Davidson) and Kraussina 

 lamarckiana (Davidson) — are well-known Australian species, whose occur- 

 rence in New Zealand has not been verified during the last forty years, 

 and they should be omitted from our lists. 



Since the publication in 1887 of part ii of Davidson's " Monograph 

 of Recent Brachiopoda" % no further study of the New Zealand forms has 

 been made. Nevertheless, since that date observations of the greatest 

 importance, affecting the whole classification, have been made on the South 

 American forms, § showing that the genera Magasella, Magas, Terebratella, 

 and Magellania are related in such a way that the loops of the higher genera 

 pass during growth through forms comparable with the adult loops of the 

 lower genera. Beecher|| has contrasted this series of growth stages with 

 those of Macandrevia cranium and of some other northern species formerly 

 assigned to Terebratella and Magellania, and, on account of the differences 

 displayed, has founded for these species the genera Terebratalia and Dallina, 

 placing them along with Macandrevia in a new subfamily, the Dallininae. 

 Beecher rather hastily assumed that the Dallininae were entirely confined 

 to the Northern Hemisphere and the Magellaninae to the Southern, and, 

 this assumption being until recently unchallenged, it has not seemed a 

 matter of urgency to study the growth stages of other species ascribed to 

 the above-mentioned genera. Jackson, ^f however, has recently shown that 

 a species of Macandrevia ranges from the Gulf of Panama to Coats Land, 

 Antarctica, thus proving the occurrence of the Dallininae in the Southern 

 Hemisphere. The occurrence of species of Magasella in the Northern Pacific 

 has long been known, but their significance appears to have been overlooked. 

 Elsewhere** I have shown that certain species of the Northern Pacific now 

 generally ascribed to Terebratalia and Dallina have not the type of folding 

 typical of members of that stock of the Dallininae, but that characteristic 

 of the Magellaninae, and that on this account these species should probably 

 be referred back to Terebratella'ff and Magellania. 



These circumstances in themselves make a study of the young stages 

 of all Recent Brachiopods belonging to the Terebratellidae desirable, more 



* Cat. Marine Mollusca N.Z. (1873), p. 87. 



f Colonial Museum Bull. No. 1 (1906), p. 41. 



% Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., ser. 2, Z ol., vol. 4, pt. i (1886), pt. ii (1887). 



§P. Fischer and D.-P. Oehlert, Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. d'Autun, t. 5 (1892), 

 pp. 254-334. 



|| Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 9 (1895), pp. 376-99, pis. i-iii. 



TI Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. 48 (i9l2), pp. 379-83. 



** Geol. Mag., dec. 6, vol. 2 (1915), pp. 71-76. 



ft The genotype of Terebratalia come under this category, and if my contention is 

 correct this genus becomes a synonym of Terebratella. I have proposed a new genus 

 Dallinclla, as the Terebratelliform forerunner of Dallina. 



